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We consider a Markovian growth process on a partially ordered set $\Lambda$, equivalent to last passage percolation (LPP) with independent (not necessarily identical) exponentially distributed weights on the elements of $\Lambda$. Such a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Tanner J. Reese , Sunder Sethuraman

We provide a detailed examination of a thermal out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) growing exponentially in time in systems without chaos. The system is a one-dimensional quantum mechanics with a potential whose part is an inverted harmonic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-02 Koji Hashimoto , Kyoung-Bum Huh , Keun-Young Kim , Ryota Watanabe

Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) have been proposed as sensitive probes for chaos in interacting quantum systems. They exhibit a characteristic classical exponential growth, but saturate beyond the so-called scrambling or Ehrenfest…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-25 Josef Rammensee , Juan-Diego Urbina , Klaus Richter

In the recent literature dealing with spatial extensions of the continuous Ramsey model, the capital accumulation process via time and space is modeled as a linear parabolic partial differential equation. The process of capital movement…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-06 L. Fredrick , G. Müller-Fürstenberger , E. W. Sachs , L. Somorowsky

We study Krylov complexity in various models of quantum field theory: free massive bosons and fermions on flat space and on spheres, holographic models, and lattice models with the UV-cutoff. In certain cases we find asymptotic behavior of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-26 Alexander Avdoshkin , Anatoly Dymarsky , Michael Smolkin

We study the equilibration times $T_\text{eq}$ of local observables in quantum chaotic systems by considering their auto-correlation functions. Based on the recursion method, we suggest a scheme to estimate $T_\text{eq}$ from the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-04 Jiaozi Wang , Merlin Füllgraf , Jochen Gemmer

Thermalization and scrambling are the subject of much recent study from the perspective of many-body quantum systems with locally bounded Hilbert spaces (`spin chains'), quantum field theory and holography. We tackle this problem in 1D…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-04-18 Curt von Keyserlingk , Tibor Rakovszky , Frank Pollmann , Shivaji Sondhi

Random quantum circuits yield minimally structured models for chaotic quantum dynamics, able to capture for example universal properties of entanglement growth. We provide exact results and coarse-grained models for the spreading of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-04-18 Adam Nahum , Sagar Vijay , Jeongwan Haah

The operator wavefunction provides a fine-grained description of quantum chaos and of the irreversible growth of simple operators into increasingly complex ones. Remarkably, at finite temperature this wavefunction can acquire a phase that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Rishik Perugu , Bryce Kobrin , Michael O. Flynn , Thomas Scaffidi

The exponential growth or decay with time of the out-of-time-order commutator (OTOC) is one widely used diagnostic of many-body chaos in spatially-extended systems. In studies of many-body classical chaos, it has been noted that one can…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-22 Vedika Khemani , David A. Huse , Adam Nahum

We study a class of many body chaotic models related to the Brownian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. An emergent symmetry maps the quantum dynamics into a classical stochastic process. Thus we are able to study many dynamical properties at finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Shunyu Yao

The operator growth hypothesis (OGH) is a technical conjecture about the behaviour of operators -- specifically, the asymptotic growth of their Lanczos coefficients -- under repeated action by a Liouvillian. It is expected to hold for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 N. S. Srivatsa , Curt von Keyserlingk

We study a so-called semi-ergodic brickwork dual-unitary circuits where, in the infinite volume limit, the two-point correlation functions of single-site operators exhibit ergodic behavior along one light ray and non-ergodic behavior along…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-23 Mao Tian Tan , Tomaž Prosen

We show that operator growth in large-central-charge conformal field theories with $\mathcal{W}_3$ symmetry can violate the universal operator growth hypothesis once the Liouvillian is enlarged to probe the higher-spin generators. For the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-12 Dileep P. Jatkar , Sujoy Mahato , Sukrut Mondkar , Praveen Thalore

We study the stochastic growth process in discrete time $x_{i+1} = (1 + \mu_i) x_i$ with growth rate $\mu_i = \rho e^{Z_i - \frac12 var(Z_i)}$ proportional to the exponential of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (O-U) process $dZ_t = - \gamma Z_t dt +…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Dan Pirjol

Lieb-Robinson bounds show that the speed of propagation of information under the Heisenberg dynamics in a wide class of non-relativistic quantum lattice systems is essentially bounded. We review work of the past dozen years that has turned…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-06-25 Bruno Nachtergaele , Robert Sims , Amanda Young

We investigate the Krylov complexity of Schr\"odinger field theories, focusing on both bosonic and fermionic systems within the grand canonical ensemble that includes a chemical potential. Krylov complexity measures operator growth in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-21 Peng-Zhang He , Hai-Qing Zhang

This paper investigates the notion of Krylov complexity, a measure of operator growth, within the framework of 1-matrix quantum mechanics (1-MQM). Krylov complexity quantifies how an operator evolves over time by expanding it in a series of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Niloofar Vardian

Inspired by the universal operator growth hypothesis, we extend the formalism of Krylov construction in dissipative open quantum systems connected to a Markovian bath. Our construction is based upon the modification of the Liouvillian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-19 Aranya Bhattacharya , Pratik Nandy , Pingal Pratyush Nath , Himanshu Sahu

For a class of reducible Hamiltonian partial differential equations (PDEs) with arbitrary spatial dimensions, quantified by a quadratic polynomial with time-dependent coefficients, we present a comprehensive classification of long-term…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-05-08 Zhenguo Liang , Jiawen Luo , Zhiyan Zhao