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Related papers: Thermodynamic Equilibrium in General Relativity

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Static spherically symmetric perfect-fluid solutions of Einstein's equations play a central role in relativistic astrophysics and stellar structure theory. While many exact solutions satisfy Einstein's equations mathematically, only a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-22 Dina Demissenova , Nurzada Beissen , Kuantay Boshkayev , Hernando Quevedo

Recent computer simulation results [Barrat {\em et al.}, Physica A 334 (2004) 513] for granular mixtures subject to stochastic driving have shown the validity of the Einstein relation $\epsilon\equiv D/(T_0\lambda)=1$ between the diffusion…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Vicente Garzo

We investigate the steady state of heat conduction in general relativity using a variational approach for two-fluid dynamics. We adopt coordinates based on the Landau-Lifschitz observer because it allows us to describe thermodynamics with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-28 Hyeong-Chan Kim

We consider a static self-gravitating charged perfect fluid system in the Einstein-Maxwell theory. Assume Maxwell's equation and the Einstein constraint equation are satisfied, and the temperature of the fluid obeys Tolman's law. Then we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-08-04 Xiongjun Fang , Sijie Gao

Bohr and Heisenberg suggested that the thermodynamical quantities of temperature and energy are complementary in the same way as position and momentum in quantum mechanics. Roughly speaking, their idea was that a definite temperature can be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Uffink , J. H. van Lith-van Dis

A rigorous thermodynamic analysis has been done at the apparent horizon of a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universe for the gravitationally induced particle creation scenario with constant specific entropy and an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-24 Subhajit Saha , Anindita Mondal

The Einstein equation is derived from the proportionality of entropy and horizon area together with the fundamental relation $\delta Q=TdS$ connecting heat, entropy, and temperature. The key idea is to demand that this relation hold for all…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-01 Ted Jacobson

Understanding thermodynamics and statistical mechanics in the full general relativistic context is an open problem. I give tentative definitions of equilibrium state, mean values, mean geometry, entropy and temperature, which reduce to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-01 Carlo Rovelli

This paper explores the non-equilibrium behavior of thermodynamics at the apparent horizon of isotropic and homogeneous universe model in $f(\mathcal{G},T)$ gravity ($\mathcal{G}$ and $T$ represent the Gauss-Bonnet invariant and trace of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-03-13 M. Sharif , Ayesha Ikram

According to maximum entropy principle, it has been proved that the gravitational field equations could be derived by the extrema of total entropy for perfect fluid, which implies that thermodynamic relations contain information of gravity.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-17 Xiongjun Fang , Xiaokai He , Jiliang Jing

Many properties of solids such as the glass state are commonly treated as nonequilibrium phenomena, which involve many conceptual difficulties. However, few studies have addressed the problem of understanding equilibrium itself. Equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-01-05 Koun Shirai

The entropy principle shows that, for self-gravitating perfect fluid, the Einstein field equations can be derived from the extrema of the total entropy, and the thermodynamical stability criterion are equivalent to the dynamical stability…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-27 Wei Yang , Xiongjun Fang , Jiliang Jing

For a static, perfect fluid sphere with a general equation of state, we obtain the relativistic equation of hydrostatic equilibrium, namely the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equation, as the thermodynamical equilibrium in the microcanonical, as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-14 Zacharias Roupas

We show that the equations of motion of generalized theories of gravity are equivalent to the thermodynamic relation $\delta Q = T \delta S$. Our proof relies on extending previous arguments by using a more general definition of the Noether…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-12-28 Ram Brustein , Merav Hadad

Local thermal equilibrium generally implies the absence of heat flux within a fluid. We find the relations between a set of thermodynamic variables of a fluid on a general spacetime and those defined on a conformally connected spacetime,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-09 Bhera Ram , Bibhas Ranjan Majhi

We consider the particle creation scenario in the dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity in the presence of perfect fluid equation of state $p=(\gamma-1)\rho$. By assuming various modified entropies (Bekenstein, logarithmic, power law…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-15 Abdul Jawad , Shamaila Rani , Salman Rafique

The question of how classical thermodynamic laws emerge from the underlying quantum substrate lies at the foundations of physics. Here, we examine the validity of the ideal gas law (IGL) for a single quantum particle confined within a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 Alejandro M. F Rivas , Eduardo G. Vergini , Leonardo Ermann , Gabriel G. Carlo

We extend the recently developed non-gaussian thermodynamic formalism \cite{tre98} of a (presumably strongly turbulent) non-Markovian medium to its most general form that allows for the formulation of a consistent thermodynamic theory. All…

Space Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. A. Treumann

An equilibrium picture of thermodynamics is discussed at the apparent horizon of FRW universe in $f(T,T_G)$ gravity, where $T$ represents the torsion invariant and $T_G$ is the teleparallel equivalent of the Gauss-Bonnet term. It is found…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-04 M. Zubair

The discussions on the connection between gravity and thermodynamics attract much attention recently. We consider a static self-gravitating perfect fluid system in $f(R)$ gravity, which is an important theory could explain the accelerated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-03 Xiongjun Fang , Minyong Guo , Jiliang Jing