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Related papers: Universal and non-universal text statistics: Clust…

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We use large language models (LLMs) to uncover long-ranged structure in English texts from a variety of sources. The conditional entropy or code length in many cases continues to decrease with context length at least to $N\sim 10^4$…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-01 Colin Scheibner , Lindsay M. Smith , William Bialek

Given the prevalence of crowd sourced labor in creating Natural Language processing datasets, these aforementioned sets have become increasingly large. For instance, the SQUAD dataset currently sits at over 80,000 records. However, because…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Will Rieger

Textbooks play a critical role in shaping children's understanding of the world. While previous studies have identified gender inequality in individual countries' textbooks, few have examined the issue cross-culturally. This study applies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tairan Liu

We consider words as a network of interacting letters, and approximate the probability distribution of states taken on by this network. Despite the intuition that the rules of English spelling are highly combinatorial (and arbitrary), we…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-13 Greg J. Stephens , William Bialek

We introduce a multilingual extension of the HOLISTICBIAS dataset, the largest English template-based taxonomy of textual people references: MULTILINGUALHOLISTICBIAS. This extension consists of 20,459 sentences in 50 languages distributed…

While the use of statistical physics methods to analyze large corpora has been useful to unveil many patterns in texts, no comprehensive investigation has been performed investigating the properties of statistical measurements across…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-07-04 Diego R. Amancio , Eduardo G. Altmann , Diego Rybski , Osvaldo N. Oliveira , Luciano da F. Costa

What statistical properties might support learning abstract grammatical knowledge from linear input? We address this question by examining the statistical distribution of function words. Function words have been argued to aid acquisition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiulin Yang , Heidi Getz , Ethan Gotlieb Wilcox

The use of statistical methods to analyze large databases of text has been useful to unveil patterns of human behavior and establish historical links between cultures and languages. In this study, we identify literary movements by treating…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-02-19 Diego R. Amancio , Osvaldo N. Oliveira , Luciano da F. Costa

A recent increase in data availability has allowed the possibility to perform different statistical linguistic studies. Here we use the Google Books Ngram dataset to analyze word flow among English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Josué Ely Molina , Jorge Flores , Carlos Gershenson , Carlos Pineda

We introduce new methods for estimating and evaluating embeddings of words in more than fifty languages in a single shared embedding space. Our estimation methods, multiCluster and multiCCA, use dictionaries and monolingual data; they do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Waleed Ammar , George Mulcaire , Yulia Tsvetkov , Guillaume Lample , Chris Dyer , Noah A. Smith

Conversation is a cornerstone of social connection and is linked to well-being outcomes. Conversations vary widely in type with some portion generating complex, dynamic stories. One approach to studying how conversations unfold in time is…

Until recently, Chinese texts could not be studied using co-word analysis because the words are not separated by spaces in Chinese (and Japanese). A word can be composed of one or more characters. The online availability of programs that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-11-10 Loet Leydesdorff , Ping Zhou

In this paper, we describe an approach to sentence categorization which has the originality to be based on natural properties of languages with no training set dependency. The implementation is fast, small, robust and textual errors…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Emmanuel Giguet

Words are fundamental linguistic units that connect thoughts and things through meaning. However, words do not appear independently in a text sequence. The existence of syntactic rules induces correlations among neighboring words. Using an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 David Sanchez , Luciano Zunino , Juan De Gregorio , Raul Toral , Claudio Mirasso

Languages employ different strategies to transmit structural and grammatical information. While, for example, grammatical dependency relationships in sentences are mainly conveyed by the ordering of the words for languages like Mandarin…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-01 Alexander Koplenig , Peter Meyer , Sascha Wolfer , Carolin Mueller-Spitzer

We present a large-scale comparative study of 242 Latin and Cyrillic-script languages using subword-based methodologies. By constructing 'glottosets' from Wikipedia lexicons, we introduce a framework for simultaneous cross-linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Iaroslav Chelombitko , Mika Hämäläinen , Aleksey Komissarov

From a grammar point of view, the role of punctuation marks in a sentence is formally defined and well understood. In semantic analysis punctuation plays also a crucial role as a method of avoiding ambiguity of the meaning. A different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Andrzej Kulig , Jaroslaw Kwapien , Tomasz Stanisz , Stanislaw Drozdz

The problem of compression in standard information theory consists of assigning codes as short as possible to numbers. Here we consider the problem of optimal coding -- under an arbitrary coding scheme -- and show that it predicts Zipf's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho , Christian Bentz , Caio Seguin

The distribution of living languages is investigated and scaling relations are found for the diversity of languages as a function of the country area and population. These results are compared with data from Ecology and from computer…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 M. A. F. Gomes , G. L. Vasconcelos , I. J. Tsang , I. R. Tsang

We present ALL-IN-1, a simple model for multilingual text classification that does not require any parallel data. It is based on a traditional Support Vector Machine classifier exploiting multilingual word embeddings and character n-grams.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Barbara Plank