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We define a sequence of integer-valued invariants $\gamma^k(L)$ for a $3$-component link $L$. We prove that the resulting $\gamma$-invariants are invariant under concordance, and more generally under weak cobordism, and that they lift…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Christopher W. Davis , JungHwan Park

We define a new topological invariant of line arrangements in the complex projective plane. This invariant is a root of unity defined under some combinatorial restrictions for arrangements endowed with some special torsion character on the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-05-04 Enrique Artal Bartolo , Vincent Florens , Benoît Guerville-BallÉ

This is the first paper in a general program to automate skein theoretic arguments. In this paper, we study skein theoretic invariants of planar trivalent graphs. Equivalently, we classify trivalent categories, which are nondegenerate…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2016-07-21 Scott Morrison , Emily Peters , Noah Snyder

We prove that Legendrian and transverse links in overtwisted contact structures having overtwisted complements can be classified coarsely by their classical invariants. We further prove that any coarse equivalence class of loose links has…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Rima Chatterjee

We introduce a new graph invariant of finite groups that provides a complete characterization of the splitting types of unramified prime ideals in normal number field extensions entirely in terms of the Galois group. In particular, each…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Fusun Akman

We use an estimate on the Thurston--Bennequin invariant of a Legendrian link in terms of its Kauffman-polynomial to show that links of topological unknots, e.g. the Borromean rings or the Whithead link, may not be represented by Legendrian…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Klaus Mohnke

We present significant evidence that the powerful property of Yangian invariance extends to a new large class of conformally invariant Feynman integrals. Our results apply to planar Feynman diagrams in any spacetime dimension dual to an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-01 Vladimir Kazakov , Fedor Levkovich-Maslyuk , Victor Mishnyakov

To a singular knot K with n double points, one can associate a chord diagram with n chords. A chord diagram can also be understood as a 4-regular graph endowed with an oriented Euler circuit. L. Traldi introduced a polynomial invariant for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Alexander Dunaykin , Vyacheslav Zhukov

Using the Rost invariant for non split simply connected groups, we define a relative degree $3$ cohomological invariant for pairs of orthogonal or unitary involutions having isomorphic Clifford or discriminant algebras. The main purpose of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Demba Barry , Alexandre Masquelein , Anne Quéguiner-Mathieu

We consider configurations of lines in 3-space with incidences prescribed by a graph. This defines a subvariety in a product of Grassmannians. Leveraging a connection with rigidity theory in the plane, for any graph, we determine the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Benjamin Hollering , Elia Mazzucchelli , Matteo Parisi , Bernd Sturmfels

An invariant for cospectral graphs is a property shared by all cospectral graphs. In this paper, we establish three novel arithmetic invariants for cospectral graphs, revealing deep connections between spectral properties and combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Yizhe Ji , Quanyu Tang , Wei Wang , Hao Zhang

Matroid theory is often thought of as a generalization of graph theory. In this paper we propose an analogous correspondence between embedded graphs and delta-matroids. We show that delta-matroids arise as the natural extension of graphic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-04 Carolyn Chun , Iain Moffatt , Steven D. Noble , Ralf Rueckriemen

We consider a hierarchy of graph invariants that naturally extends the spectral invariants defined by F\"urer (Lin. Alg. Appl. 2010) based on the angles formed by the set of standard basis vectors and their projections onto eigenspaces of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-06 V. Arvind , Frank Fuhlbrück , Johannes Köbler , Oleg Verbitsky

We examine spaces of connected tri-/univalent graphs subject to local relations which are motivated by the theory of Vassiliev invariants. It is shown that the behaviour of ladder-like subgraphs is strongly related to the parity of the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jan Kneissler

The classical Weisfeiler-Lehman method WL[2] uses edge colors to produce a powerful graph invariant. It is at least as powerful in its ability to distinguish non-isomorphic graphs as the most prominent algebraic graph invariants. It…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Martin Fürer

To any trivalent plane graph embedded in the sphere, Casals and Murphy associate a differential graded algebra (dg-algebra), in which the underlying graded algebra is free associative over a commutative ring. Our first result is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-29 Kevin Sackel

We show that specific exponential bivariate integrals serve as generating functions of labeled edge-bicolored graphs. Based on this, we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of regular edge-bicolored graphs with arbitrary weights…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-02 Michael Borinsky , Chiara Meroni , Maximilian Wiesmann

In this paper, we use skein-theoretic techniques to classify all virtual knot polynomials and trivalent graph invariants with certain smallness conditions. The first half of the paper classifies all virtual knot polynomials giving…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2020-08-11 Joshua R. Edge

This paper is a self-contained development of an invariant of graphs embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space using the Jones polynomial and skein theory. Some examples of the invariant are computed. An unlinked embedded graph is one…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 John W. Barrett

We provide a purely variational proof of the existence of eigenvalues below the bottom of the essential spectrum for the Schr\"odinger operator with an attractive $\delta$-potential supported by a star graph, i.e. by a finite union of rays…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-04-27 Konstantin Pankrashkin