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Tor onion services rely on long-lived introduction circuits to support anonymous rendezvous between clients and services. Although Tor incorporates defenses against traffic analysis, the introduction protocol retains deterministic routing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Nicolas Constantinides

Tor is currently one of the more popular systems for anonymizing near real-time communications on the Internet. Recently, Borisov et al. proposed a denial of service based attack on Tor (and related systems) that significantly increases the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-10-04 Norman Danner , Sam DeFabbia-Kane , Danny Krizanc , Marc Liberatore

Several hundred Tor exit relays together push more than 1 GiB/s of network traffic. However, it is easy for exit relays to snoop and tamper with anonymised network traffic and as all relays are run by independent volunteers, not all of them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Philipp Winter , Stefan Lindskog

Onion addresses encode their own public key. They are thus self-authenticating, one of the security and privacy advantages of onion services, which are typically accessed via Tor Browser. Because of the mostly random-looking appearance of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Paul Syverson , Matthew Finkel , Saba Eskandarian , Dan Boneh

Several studies have shown that the network traffic that is generated by a visit to a website over Tor reveals information specific to the website through the timing and sizes of network packets. By capturing traffic traces between users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Vera Rimmer , Davy Preuveneers , Marc Juarez , Tom Van Goethem , Wouter Joosen

Anonymity systems such as Tor aim to enable users to communicate in a manner that is untraceable by adversaries that control a small number of machines. To provide efficient service to users, these anonymity systems make full use of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Prateek Mittal , Ahmed Khurshid , Joshua Juen , Matthew Caesar , Nikita Borisov

Phishing websites are a common phenomenon among Tor onion services, and phishers exploit that it is tremendously difficult to distinguish phishing from authentic onion domain names. Operators of onion services devised several strategies to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Benjamin Güldenring , Volker Roth

By choice or by necessity, some contributors to commons-based peer production sites use privacy-protecting services to remain anonymous. As anonymity seekers, users of the Tor network have been cast both as ill-intentioned vandals and as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Kaylea Champion , Nora McDonald , Stephanie Bankes , Joseph Zhang , Rachel Greenstadt , Andrea Forte , Benjamin Mako Hill

The Tor anonymity network has been shown vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks by autonomous systems and Internet exchanges, which can observe different overlay hops belonging to the same circuit. We aim to determine whether network path…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Joshua Juen , Aaron Johnson , Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov , Matthew Caesar

Darknet technology such as Tor has been used by various threat actors for organising illegal activities and data exfiltration. As such, there is a case for organisations to block such traffic, or to try and identify when it is used and for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Hamish Haughey , Gregory Epiphaniou , Haider Al-Khateeb , Ali Dehghantanha

Security analysts need to classify, search and correlate numerous images. Automatic classification tools improve the efficiency of such tasks. However, the main resources to develop these tools are datasets, which are introduced and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Vincent Falconieri

Tor users are vulnerable to deanonymization by an adversary that can observe some Tor relays or some parts of the network. We demonstrate that previous network-aware path-selection algorithms that propose to solve this problem are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Aaron Johnson , Rob Jansen , Aaron D. Jaggard , Joan Feigenbaum , Paul Syverson

Dark web crawling is a complex process that involves specific methodologies and techniques to navigate the Tor network and extract data from hidden services. This study proposes a general dark web crawler designed to extract pages handling…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Daniel De Pascale , Giuseppe Cascavilla , Damian A. Tamburri , Willem-Jan Van Den Heuvel

Anonymous communication systems are subject to selective denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Selective DoS attacks lower anonymity as they force paths to be rebuilt multiple times to ensure delivery which increases the opportunity for more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov

Tor is a widely used anonymity network that conceals user identities by routing traffic through encrypted relays, yet it remains vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks that deanonymize users by matching patterns in ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Levente Csikor , Mohan Gurusamy

The increasing use of encrypted data within file storage and in network communications leaves investigators with many challenges. One of the most challenging is the Tor protocol, as its main focus is to protect the privacy of the user, in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Matt Muir , Petra Leimich , William J Buchanan

In this work we show that Tor is vulnerable to app deanonymization attacks on Android devices through network traffic analysis. For this purpose, we describe a general methodology for performing an attack that allows to deanonymize the apps…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Emanuele Petagna , Giuseppe Laurenza , Claudio Ciccotelli , Leonardo Querzoni

The Tor network is a widely used system for anonymous communication. However, Tor is known to be vulnerable to attackers who can observe traffic at both ends of the communication path. In this paper, we show that prior attacks are just the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-16 Yixin Sun , Anne Edmundson , Laurent Vanbever , Oscar Li , Jennifer Rexford , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

Tor is the most widely used anonymity network, currently serving millions of users each day. However, there is no access control in place for all these users, leaving the network vulnerable to botnet abuse and attacks. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Zhuotao Liu , Yushan Liu , Philipp Winter , Prateek Mittal , Yih-Chun Hu

Over the last two decades, the scale and complexity of the Internet and its associated technologies built on the World Wide Web has grown exponentially with access to Internet as a facility occupying a prime place with other amenities of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-12-23 B H Priyanka , Ravi Prakash