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Tor and i2p networks are two of the most popular darknets. Both darknets have become an area of illegal activities highlighting the necessity to study and analyze them to identify and report illegal content to Law Enforcement Agencies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Carlos Cilleruelo , Luis de-Marcos , Javier Junquera-Sánchez , José-Javier Martínez-Herráiz

With the rapid increase of threats on the Internet, people are continuously seeking privacy and anonymity. Services such as Bitcoin and Tor were introduced to provide anonymity for online transactions and Web browsing. Due to its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Husam Al Jawaheri , Mashael Al Sabah , Yazan Boshmaf , Aiman Erbad

Ever since the introduction of the internet, it has been void of any privacy. The majority of internet traffic currently is and always has been unencrypted. A number of anonymous communication overlay networks exist whose aim it is to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-04-21 Rolf Jagerman , Wendo Sabée , Laurens Versluis , Martijn de Vos , Johan Pouwelse

Online anonymity and privacy has been based on confusing the adversary by creating indistinguishable network elements. Tor is the largest and most widely deployed anonymity system, designed against realistic modern adversaries. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 George Kadianakis , Theodoros Polyzos , Mike Perry , Kostas Chatzikokolakis

The unevenness importance of criminal activities in the onion domains of the Tor Darknet and the different levels of their appeal to the end-user make them tangled to measure their influence. To this end, this paper presents a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Mhd Wesam Al-Nabki , Eduardo Fidalgo , Enrique Alegre , Deisy Chaves

Tor and I2P are well-known anonymity networks used by many individuals to protect their online privacy and anonymity. Tor's centralized directory services facilitate the understanding of the Tor network, as well as the measurement and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Nguyen Phong Hoang , Panagiotis Kintis , Manos Antonakakis , Michalis Polychronakis

Privacy of users in P2P networks goes far beyond their current usage and is a fundamental requirement to the adoption of P2P protocols for legal usage. In a climate of cold war between these users and anti-piracy groups, more and more users…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-04-12 Pere Manils , Chaabane Abdelberri , Stevens Le Blond , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Claude Castelluccia , Arnaud Legout , Walid Dabbous

For journalists reporting from a totalitarian regime, whistleblowers and resistance fighters, the anonymous use of cloud services on the Internet can be vital for survival. The Tor network provides a free and widely used anonymization…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Pitpimon Choorod , Tobias J. Bauer , Andreas Aßmuth

Tor enables anonymous web browsing and access to anonymous onion websites. Prior work has focused on crawling and content analysis rather than on what users actually try to access. Our honeypot approach measures engagement across onion-site…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Arttu Paju , Waris Abdullah , Juha Nurmi

The use of anonymity-based infrastructures and anonymisers is a plausible solution to mitigate privacy problems on the Internet. Tor (short for The onion router) is a popular low-latency anonymity system that can be installed as an end-user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-08-21 Sergio Castillo-Perez , Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro

There was a time when the word security was only confined to the physical protection of things that were valuable which must be guarded against all the odds. Today, in a world where people can do things virtually have emerged the necessity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-05 AKM Bahalul Haque , Sharaban Tahura Nisa , Md. Amdadul Bari , Ayvee Nusreen Anika

The Tor Network has been a significant part of the Internet for years. Tor was originally started in the Naval Research Laboratory for anonymous Internet browsing and Internet-based communication. From being used for anonymous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Chaitanya Rahalkar , Anushka Virgaonkar , Kethaki Varadan

Tor is widely used for staying anonymous online and accessing onion websites; unfortunately, Tor is popular for distributing and viewing illicit child sexual abuse material (CSAM). From 2018 to 2023, we analyse 176,683 onion domains and…

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks on Tor can infer user destinations from encrypted traffic metadata. However, their real-world effectiveness remains debated due to laboratory settings that fail to capture network fluctuations, evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammadhamed Shadbeh , Khashayar Khajavi , Tao Wang

Tor is the most popular anonymous communication overlay network which hides clients' identities from servers by passing packets through multiple relays. To provide anonymity to both clients and servers, Tor onion services were introduced by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Md Washik Al Azad , Hasniuj Zahan , Sifat Ut Taki , Spyridon Mastorakis

With nearly 2.5m users, onion services have become the prominent part of the darkweb. Over the last five years alone, the number of onion domains has increased 20x, reaching more than 700k unique domains in January 2022. As onion services…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Yazan Boshmaf , Isuranga Perera , Udesh Kumarasinghe , Sajitha Liyanage , Husam Al Jawaheri

Previous attacks that link the sender and receiver of traffic in the Tor network ("correlation attacks") have generally relied on analyzing traffic from TCP connections. The TCP connections of a typical client application, however, are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-10-13 Benjamin Greschbach , Tobias Pulls , Laura M. Roberts , Philipp Winter , Nick Feamster

Anonymity networks are providing practical mechanisms to protect its users against censorship by hiding their identity and information content. The best-known anonymity network, The Onion Routing (Tor) network, is however subject to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Anna Engelmann , Admela Jukan

While anonymity networks such as Tor provide invaluable privacy guarantees to society, they also enable all kinds of criminal activities. Consequently, many blameless citizens shy away from protecting their privacy using such technology for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Eric Wagner , Roman Matzutt , Martin Henze

There are not many known ways to break Tor anonymity, and they require an enormous amount of computational power. Controlling both entrance and exit nodes allows an attacker to compromise client IP with enough pattern analysis. If an .onion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Stephanie Abraham , Tyler Silva , Robert Decourcy , Jim Cardon