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We revisit the classical but as yet unresolved problem of predicting the breaking onset of 2D and 3D irrotational gravity water waves. This study focuses on domains with flat bottom topography and conditions ranging from deep to…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2017-04-04 X. Barthelemy , M. L. Banner , W. L. Peirson , F. Fedele , M. Allis , F. Dias

Accurate prediction of the onset and strength of breaking surface gravity waves is a long-standing problem of significant theoretical and applied interest. Recently, Barth\'el\'emy et al (https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.93) examined the…

The process of breaking in surface gravity waves can be characterized by two distinct stages. Breaking onset, defined as the first visible surface manifestation of breaking, is preceded by breaking inception, which is characterized by the…

The criterion for the initiation of breaking demonstrated numerically by Barthelemy et al. (2015) has been investigated in the laboratory for unidirectional wave groups in deep-water and extended to include conditions of moderate wind…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2015-09-01 Arvin Saket , William L. Peirson , Michael L. Banner , Xavier Barthelemy , Michael J. Allis

Using the same measurement techniques as those of Saket et al. (2017), we have investigated the breaking threshold proposed by Barthelemy et al. (arXiv:1508.06002v1, 2015b) but for different classes of unforced unidirectional wave groups in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2017-03-14 Arvin Saket , William L. Peirson , Michael L. Banner , Michael J. Allis

We revisit the classical but as yet unresolved problem of predicting the strength of breaking 2-D and 3-D gravity water waves, as quantified by the amount of wave energy dissipated per breaking event. Following Duncan (1983), the wave…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-02-13 M. Derakhti , M. L. Banner , J. T. Kirby

A dynamical understanding of the physical process of surface gravity wave breaking remains an unresolved problem in fluid dynamics. Conceptually, breaking can be described by inception and onset, where breaking inception is the initiation…

Using data from a recent field campaign, we evaluate several breaking criteria with the goal of assessing the accuracy of these criteria in wave breaking detection. Two new criteria are also evaluated. An integral parameter is defined in…

The aim of the present work is to develop a model able to represent the propagation and transformation of waves in nearshore areas. The focus is on the phenomena of wave breaking, shoaling and run-up. These different phenomena are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-16 Paola Bacigaluppi , Mario Ricchiuto , Philippe Bonneton

The modeling of wave breaking dissipation in coastal areas is investigated with a fully nonlinear and dispersive wave model. The wave propagation model is based on potential flow theory, which initially assumes non-overturning waves.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-12-05 Bruno Simon , Christos E. Papoutsellis , Michel Benoit , Marissa L. Yates

This paper presents a novel method for obtaining the probability wave of breaking ($P_b$) of deep water, dominant wind-sea waves (that is, waves made of the energy within $\pm$30\% of the peak wave frequency) derived from Gaussian wave…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-01-29 Caio Eadi Stringari , Marc Prevosto , Jean François Filipot , Fabien Leckler , Pedro Veras Guimarães

Deep-water surface wave breaking affects the transfer of mass, momentum, energy and heat between the air and sea. Understanding when and how the onset of wave breaking will occur remains a challenge. The mechanisms that form steep waves,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-02-02 M. L. McAllister , N. Pizzo , S. Draycott , T. S. van den Bremer

This paper establishes a sharp, expanded wave-breaking criterion for a class of nonlinear nonlocal Whitham-type equations, significantly generalizing the classical threshold introduced by Seliger. While the system of inequalities governing…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Yongki Lee

Wave steepness is a key geometric variable for describing breaking occurrence and its consequences, including energy dissipation and air entrainment. Using three laboratory campaigns under varying spectral conditions and co-flowing wind…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-29 Rui Cao , Enrique M. Padilla , Xu Chen , Adrian H. Callaghan

We present a dynamical-systems perspective on wave breaking for ideal incompressible free-surface flows. By tracking the most energetic hotspot on the wave surface, we find that near breaking the surface slope m evolves on a fast timescale…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-19 Francesco Fedele

For models describing water waves, Constantin and Escher's works have long been considered as the cornerstone method for proving wave breaking phenomena. Their rigorous analytic proof shows that if the lowest slope of flows can be…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Yongki Lee

In this paper we present a characterization of the symmetric rotational periodic gravity water waves of finite depth and without stagnation points in terms of the underlying flow. Namely, we show that such a wave is symmetric and has a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-01-24 Bogdan-Vasile Matioc

This paper addresses deep-water gravity waves of finite amplitude generated by an initial disturbance to the water. It is assumed that the horizontal dimensions of the initially disturbed body of the water are much larger than the magnitude…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2014-08-20 Ilia M. Mindlin

The concept of symmetry breaking and the emergence of corresponding local order parameters constitute the pillars of modern day many body physics. The theory of quantum entanglement is currently leading to a paradigm shift in understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-18 V. Zauner , D. Draxler , L. Vanderstraeten , J. Haegeman , F. Verstraete

Many supervised machine learning methods have revolutionised the empirical modelling of complex systems. These empirical models, however, are usually "black boxes" and provide only limited physical explanations about the underlying systems.…

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