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Scaling laws arise and are eulogized across disciplines from natural to social sciences for providing pithy, quantitative, `scale-free', and `universal' power law relationships between two variables. On a log-log plot, the power laws…
Numerical simulation is carried out to study the phenomenon of vortex breakdown in an enclosed cylinder. The energy gradient theory is used to explain the vortex breakdown in the cylinder with consideration of centrifugal force, Coriolis…
Nonlinear gyrokinetics provides a suitable framework to describe short-wavelength turbulence in magnetized laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. In the electrostatic limit, this system is known to exhibit a free energy cascade towards small…
In this work, the one-dimensional implicit particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision code (PIC/MCC) is used to study the discharge of a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) under extremely low pressure driven by high-frequency rf power in pure…
This paper covers the theory and technological aspects of high-voltage design for ion sources. Electric field strengths are critical to understanding high-voltage breakdown. The equations governing electric fields and the techniques to…
A switching-off process very similar to those in real high-voltage self-blast circuit-breakers is emulated in a model chamber to study the arc properties by optical emission spectroscopy. The arc is operated in a chamber filled with SF$_6$…
We investigate discharge inception in air, in uniform background electric fields above and below the breakdown threshold. We perform 3D particle simulations that include a natural level of background ionization in the form of positive and…
Numerical simulation of switching process of high-voltage silicon photodiodes, phototransistors and photothyristors those triggered-on homogeneously over the area by picosecond laser pulses, has been performed for the first time. The…
In order to investigate the dispersion of the spectral break energy in gamma-ray bursts, we simulate internal shocks, including effects of shell-splitting after shell collisions and the Thomson optical depth due to electron--positron pairs…
A damped chain of particles with harmonic nearest-neighbor interactions in a spatially periodic, piecewise harmonic potential (Frenkel-Kontorova model) is studied numerically. One end of the chain is pulled slowly which acts as a weak…
Electron trapping following exposition to ionising radiations and consequent electron release during variation of temperature in solids represent processes happening at the quantum microphysical level. The interesting feature of the…
We propose a model which explains how power-law crossover behaviour can arise in a system which is capable of experiencing cascading failure. In our model the susceptibility of the system to cascades is described by a single number, the…
We investigate the tension distribution in systems of mass-less ropes under different loading conditions. For a two-rope system, we demonstrate how the breaking scenario depends on the applied force dynamics: rapid pulling causes the lower…
Microfabricated surface ion traps are a principle component of many ion-based quantum information science platforms. The operational parameters of these devices are pushed to the edge of their physical capabilities as the experiments strive…
We consider the development of pre-breakdown cavitation nanopores appearing in the dielectric fluid under the influence of the electrostrictive stresses in the inhomogeneous pulsed electric field. It is shown that three characteristic…
A model is described, in which electrical breakdown in high-voltage systems is caused by stochastic fluctuations of the mobile dislocation population in the cathode. In this model, the mobile dislocation density normally fluctuates, with a…
In this work, we introduce a broad class of circuits, or quantum cellular automata, which we call 'pairwise-difference-conserving circuits' (PDC). These models are characterized by local gates that preserve the pairwise difference of local…
We describe the strong spectral evolution that occurs during a gamma-ray burst pulse and the means by which it can be analyzed. Based on observed empirical correlations, an analytical model is constructed which is used to describe the pulse…
The pulse sequence is interpreted as a realization of a random electron discharge process in a vacuum gap over the polar cap (PC) - the open magnetic force line region on the neutron star surface. This point of view is illustrated by an…
The basic physics of lasers is characterized by a second-order continuous phase transition at the critical lasing threshold. Nevertheless, laser bistability with abrupt transitions has been reported in some laser systems, but its underlying…