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In recent years, the importance of smart contract security has been heightened by the increasing number of attacks against them. To address this issue, a multitude of static application security testing (SAST) tools have been proposed for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Kaixuan Li , Yue Xue , Sen Chen , Han Liu , Kairan Sun , Ming Hu , Haijun Wang , Yang Liu , Yixiang Chen

The immutable nature of blockchain technology, while revolutionary, introduces significant security challenges, particularly in smart contracts. These security issues can lead to substantial financial losses. Current tools and approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Zhiyuan Wei , Jing Sun , Zijiang Zhang , Xianhao Zhang , Meng Li , Zhe Hou

Fuzzing is a widely used technique for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts, which generates transaction sequences to explore the execution paths of smart contracts. However, existing fuzzers are falling short in detecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jie Chen , Liangmin Wang

Smart contracts are computer programs running on blockchains to implement Decentralized Applications. The absence of contract specifications hinders routine tasks, such as contract understanding and testing. In this work, we propose a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Ye Liu , Yixuan Liu , Yi Li , Cyrille Artho

Due to the immutable and decentralized nature of Ethereum (ETH) platform, smart contracts are prone to security risks that can result in financial loss. While existing machine learning-based vulnerability detection algorithms achieve high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Christoph Sendner , Ruisi Zhang , Alexander Hefter , Alexandra Dmitrienko , Farinaz Koushanfar

Ethereum smart contracts are programs that run on the Ethereum blockchain, and many smart contract vulnerabilities have been discovered in the past decade. Many security analysis tools have been created to detect such vulnerabilities, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Nami Ashizawa , Naoto Yanai , Jason Paul Cruz , Shingo Okamura

Smart contracts on blockchains are prone to diverse security vulnerabilities that can lead to significant financial losses due to their immutable nature. Existing detection approaches often lack flexibility across vulnerability types and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xing Zhang , Keyu Zhang , Taohong Zhu , Anbang Ruan

This paper presents LLMBugScanner, a large language model (LLM) based framework for smart contract vulnerability detection using fine-tuning and ensemble learning. Smart contract auditing presents several challenges for LLMs: different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yining Yuan , Yifei Wang , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Sihao Hu , Ling Liu

Poorly designed smart contracts are particularly vulnerable, as they may allow attackers to exploit weaknesses and steal the virtual currency they manage. In this study, we train a model using unsupervised learning to identify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hong-Sheng Huang , Jen-Yi Ho , Hao-Wen Chen , Hung-Min Sun

Smart contracts are software programs featuring both traditional applications and distributed data storage on blockchains. Ethereum is a prominent blockchain platform with the support of smart contracts. The smart contracts act as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Purathani Praitheeshan , Lei Pan , Jiangshan Yu , Joseph Liu , Robin Doss

Smart contract transactions are increasingly interleaved by cross-contract calls. While many tools have been developed to identify a common set of vulnerabilities, the cross-contract vulnerability is overlooked by existing tools.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Yinxing Xue , Jiaming Ye , Wei Zhang , Jun Sun , Lei Ma , Haijun Wang , Jianjun Zhao

Due to the inherent immutability of blockchain technology, smart contract updates require their deployment at new addresses rather than modifying existing ones, thus fragmenting version histories and creating critical blind spots for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Fatou Ndiaye Mbodji , Vinny Adjibi , Moustapha Awwalou Diouf , Gervais Mendy , Kui Liu , Jacques Klein , Tegawende Bissyande

Reentrancy vulnerability as one of the most notorious vulnerabilities, has been a prominent topic in smart contract security research. Research shows that existing vulnerability detection presents a range of challenges, especially as smart…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zexu Wang , Jiachi Chen , Yanlin Wang , Yu Zhang , Weizhe Zhang , Zibin Zheng

Software built on poor structural patterns often shows higher exposure to security defects. When code differs from established best practices, verification and maintenance become increasingly difficult, thereby raising the risk of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Masoud Jamshidiyan Tehrani

Smart contracts are blockchain-based algorithms that execute when specific criteria are satisfied. They are often used to automate the implementation of an agreement so that all parties may be confident of the conclusion right away, without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Harry Virani , Manthan Kyada

Decentralized applications (DApps) face significant security risks due to vulnerabilities in smart contracts, with traditional detection methods struggling to address emerging and machine-unauditable flaws. This paper proposes a novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiuyang Bu , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li , Zeng Zhang , Xiaoqi Li

Smart contracts on the blockchain offer decentralized financial services but often lack robust security measures, leading to significant economic losses. While substantial research has focused on identifying vulnerabilities in smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Youwei Huang , Sen Fang , Jianwen Li , Bin Hu , Tao Zhang

Smart contracts automate the management of high-value assets, where vulnerabilities can lead to catastrophic financial losses. This challenge is amplified in Large Language Models (LLMs) by two interconnected failures: they operate as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Lei Yu , Jingyuan Zhang , Xin Wang , Jiajia Ma , Li Yang , Fengjun Zhang

Ethereum smart contracts are an innovation built on top of the blockchain technology, which provides a platform for automatically executing contracts in an anonymous, distributed, and trusted way. The problem is magnified by the fact that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Jialiang Chang , Bo Gao , Hao Xiao , Jun Sun , Yan Cai , Zijiang Yang

Smart contracts are programs stored on a blockchain that run when predetermined conditions are met. However, designing and implementing a smart contract is not trivial since upon deployment on a blockchain, it is no longer possible to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Chaïmaa Benabbou , Önder Gürcan