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Research on reasoning in language models (LMs) predominantly focuses on improving the correctness of their outputs. But some important applications require modeling reasoning patterns that are incorrect. For example, automated systems that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Alexis Ross , Jacob Andreas

The use of argumentation in education has been shown to improve critical thinking skills for end-users such as students, and computational models for argumentation have been developed to assist in this process. Although these models are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Camélia Guerraoui , Paul Reisert , Naoya Inoue , Farjana Sultana Mim , Shoichi Naito , Jungmin Choi , Irfan Robbani , Wenzhi Wang , Kentaro Inui

Drawing on the Data and Predictions strand of the Indicazioni Nazionali per il curricolo 2012, this study proposes a problem based instructional approach to the teaching of probability. More specifically, the study adopts a design based…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Luigia Caputo , Aniello Buonocore

Confidence intervals provide a way to determine plausible values for a population parameter. They are omnipresent in research articles involving statistical analyses. Appropriately, a key statistical literacy learning objective is the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2020-07-21 Xiaofei Wang , Nicholas G. Reich , Nicholas J. Horton

This paper lays out the current landscape of tools used in statistics education. In particular, it considers graphing calculators, spreadsheets, applets and microworlds, standalone educational software, statistical programming tools, tools…

Computation · Statistics 2016-10-05 Amelia McNamara

The traditional theoretical statistics course which develops the theoretical underpinnings of the discipline (usually following a probability course) is undergoing near-continuous revision in the statistics community. In particular, recent…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2016-12-08 Amy Wagaman

Traditional assessment methods collapse when students use generative AI to complete work without genuine engagement, creating an illusion of competence where they believe they're learning but aren't. This paper presents the conversational…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Lorena A. Barba , Laura Stegner

Technical interviews are a critical yet stressful step in the hiring process for computer science graduates, often hindered by limited access to practice opportunities. This formative qualitative study (n=20) explores whether a multimodal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Nathalia Gomez , S. Sue Batham , Matias Volonte , Tiffany D. Do

This paper investigates the ability of large language models (LLMs) to solve statistical tasks, as well as their capacity to assess the quality of reasoning. While state-of-the-art LLMs have demonstrated remarkable performance in a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Crish Nagarkar , Leonid Bogachev , Serge Sharoff

There are various approaches to the problem of how one is supposed to conduct a statistical analysis. Different analyses can lead to contradictory conclusions in some problems so this is not a satisfactory state of affairs. It seems that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-25 Michael Evans

A large body of research demonstrates how teachers' questioning strategies can improve student learning outcomes. However, developing new scenarios is challenging because of the lack of training data for a specific scenario and the costs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Debajyoti Datta , Maria Phillips , James P Bywater , Jennifer Chiu , Ginger S. Watson , Laura E. Barnes , Donald E Brown

Recent advancements in multimodal reasoning have largely overlooked the audio modality. We introduce Audio-Reasoner, a large-scale audio language model for deep reasoning in audio tasks. We meticulously curated a large-scale and diverse…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zhifei Xie , Mingbao Lin , Zihang Liu , Pengcheng Wu , Shuicheng Yan , Chunyan Miao

Reasoning large language models achieve impressive test-time scaling by thinking for longer, but this performance gain comes at significant compute cost. Directly limiting test-time budget hurts overall performance, but not all problems are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Menghua Wu , Cai Zhou , Stephen Bates , Tommi Jaakkola

When writing and talking, people sometimes pause to think. Although reasoning-focused works have often framed reasoning as a method of answering questions or completing agentic tasks, reasoning is implicit in almost all written text. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Eric Zelikman , Georges Harik , Yijia Shao , Varuna Jayasiri , Nick Haber , Noah D. Goodman

In this paper, we investigate the effect of context on usability evaluation. The focus is on how children behave and perform when they are tested in different settings. Two most commonly applied usability evaluation methods: the think-aloud…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-06-19 Mohammadi Akheela Khanum , Munesh C. Trivedi

We propose a framework that enables neural models to "think while listening" to everyday sounds, thereby enhancing audio classification performance. Motivated by recent advances in the reasoning capabilities of large language models, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Prateek Verma , Mert Pilanci

Statistical thinking partially depends upon an iterative process by which essential features of a problem setting are identified and mapped onto an abstract model or archetype, and then translated back into the context of the original…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2019-02-21 Matthew Beckman , Robert delMas

Recently, a new wave of thinking-capable Large Language Models has emerged, demonstrating exceptional capabilities across a wide range of reasoning benchmarks. Early studies have begun to explore how the amount of compute in terms of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ignacio Iacobacci , Zhaozhi Qian , Faroq AL-Tam , Muhammad AL-Qurishi , Riad Souissi

Recent trends in test-time scaling for reasoning models (e.g., OpenAI o1, DeepSeek R1) have led to a popular belief that extending thinking traces using prompts like "Wait" or "Let me rethink" can improve performance. This raises a natural…

The thinking-while-speaking paradigm aims to make AI communication more human. A key challenge is maintaining fluent speech while performing deep reasoning. Our method, InterRS, tackles this by inserting reasoning steps only during natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xuan Du , Qiangyu Yan , Wenshuo Li , Borui Jiang , Changming Xiao , Han Shu , Xinghao Chen