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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown lack of robustness for the vulnerability of their classification to small perturbations on the inputs. This has led to safety concerns of applying DNNs to safety-critical domains. Several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Jianlin Li , Pengfei Yang , Jiangchao Liu , Liqian Chen , Xiaowei Huang , Lijun Zhang

We present a novel framework for specifying and verifying correctness globally for neural networks on perception tasks. Most previous works on neural network verification for perception tasks focus on robustness verification. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Yichen Yang , Martin Rinard

Neural network verification tools currently support only a narrow class of specifications, typically expressed as low-level constraints over raw inputs and outputs. This limitation significantly hinders their adoption and practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yizhak Y. Elboher , Reuven Peleg , Zhouxing Shi , Guy Katz , Jan Křetínský

Formal verification is only as good as the specification of a system, which is also true for neural network verification. Existing specifications follow the paradigm of data as specification, where the local neighborhood around a reference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Chuqin Geng , Zhaoyue Wang , Haolin Ye , Xujie Si

Traditional methods for formal verification (FV) of deep neural networks (DNNs) are constrained by a binary encoding of safety properties, where a model is classified as either safe or unsafe (robust or not robust). This binary encoding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Luca Marzari , Isabella Mastroeni , Alessandro Farinelli

In this paper we investigate formal verification problems for Neural Network computations. Of central importance will be various robustness and minimization problems such as: Given symbolic specifications of allowed inputs and outputs in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Adrian Wurm

The robustness of deep neural networks is crucial to modern AI-enabled systems and should be formally verified. Sigmoid-like neural networks have been adopted in a wide range of applications. Due to their non-linearity, Sigmoid-like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Zhaodi Zhang , Yiting Wu , Si Liu , Jing Liu , Min Zhang

Current approaches to neural network verification focus on specifications that target small regions around known input data points, such as local robustness. Thus, using these approaches, we can not obtain guarantees for inputs that are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 David Boetius , Stefan Leue

A fundamental component of neural network verification is the computation of bounds on the values their outputs can take. Previous methods have either used off-the-shelf solvers, discarding the problem structure, or relaxed the problem even…

Abstraction is a key verification technique to improve scalability. However, its use for neural networks is so far extremely limited. Previous approaches for abstracting classification networks replace several neurons with one of them that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Calvin Chau , Jan Křetínský , Stefanie Mohr

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., small input perturbations can significantly affect the outputs of a neural network. Therefore, to ensure safety of neural networks in safety-critical environments, the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Lukas Koller , Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

Verification of neural networks enables us to gauge their robustness against adversarial attacks. Verification algorithms fall into two categories: exact verifiers that run in exponential time and relaxed verifiers that are efficient but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Hadi Salman , Greg Yang , Huan Zhang , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Pengchuan Zhang

We consider the problem of certifying the robustness of deep neural networks against real-world distribution shifts. To do so, we bridge the gap between hand-crafted specifications and realistic deployment settings by proposing a novel…

The success of Deep Learning and its potential use in many safety-critical applications has motivated research on formal verification of Neural Network (NN) models. Despite the reputation of learned NN models to behave as black boxes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Rudy Bunel , Ilker Turkaslan , Philip H. S. Torr , Pushmeet Kohli , M. Pawan Kumar

Formal verification of transformers has become increasingly important due to their widespread deployment in safety-critical applications. Compared to classic neural networks, the inferences of transformers involve highly complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hengjie Liu , Zhenya Zhang , Jianjun Zhao

Fairness is crucial for neural networks which are used in applications with important societal implication. Recently, there have been multiple attempts on improving fairness of neural networks, with a focus on fairness testing (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Bing Sun , Jun Sun , Ting Dai , Lijun Zhang

Neural networks are increasingly deployed in real-world safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving, aircraft collision avoidance, and malware detection. However, these networks have been shown to often mispredict on inputs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Shiqi Wang , Kexin Pei , Justin Whitehouse , Junfeng Yang , Suman Jana

Verification of machine learning models used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is known to be a hard problem. In particular, many known neural network verification methods that work for computer vision and other numeric datasets do not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Marco Casadio , Luca Arnaboldi , Matthew L. Daggitt , Omri Isac , Tanvi Dinkar , Daniel Kienitz , Verena Rieser , Ekaterina Komendantskaya

Neural network verification aims to provide provable bounds for the output of a neural network for a given input range. Notable prior works in this domain have either generated bounds using abstract domains, which preserve some dependency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Matt Jordan , Jonathan Hayase , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Sewoong Oh

Formal verification of neural networks is an active topic of research, and recent advances have significantly increased the size of the networks that verification tools can handle. However, most methods are designed for verification of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Thomas A. Henzinger , Mathias Lechner , Đorđe Žikelić