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Providing a metric of uncertainty alongside a state estimate is often crucial when tracking a dynamical system. Classic state estimators, such as the Kalman filter (KF), provide a time-dependent uncertainty measure from knowledge of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-10 Itzik Klein , Guy Revach , Nir Shlezinger , Jonas E. Mehr , Ruud J. G. van Sloun , Yonina. C. Eldar

The Kalman filter is an established tool for the analysis of dynamic systems with normally distributed noise, and it has been successfully applied in numerous application areas. It provides sequentially calculated estimates of the system…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-26 S. Eichstädt , N. Makarava , C. Elster

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in tracking algorithms that augment Kalman Filters (KFs) with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). By transforming KFs into trainable deep learning models, one can learn from data to reliably track a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Yehonatan Dahan , Guy Revach , Jindrich Dunik , Nir Shlezinger

We present a critical survey on the consistency of uncertainty quantification used in deep learning and highlight partial uncertainty coverage and many inconsistencies. We then provide a comprehensive and statistically consistent framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Peter Jan van Leeuwen , J. Christine Chiu , C. Kevin Yang

Optimal decision-making under partial observability requires reasoning about the uncertainty of the environment's hidden state. However, most reinforcement learning architectures handle partial observability with sequence models that have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Carlos E. Luis , Alessandro G. Bottero , Julia Vinogradska , Felix Berkenkamp , Jan Peters

Autonomous vehicles have gained significant attention due to technological advancements and their potential to transform transportation. A critical challenge in this domain is precise localization, particularly in LiDAR-based map matching,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Minoo Dolatabadi , Fardin Ayar , Ehsan Javanmardi , Manabu Tsukada , Mahdi Javanmardi

There are two major types of uncertainty one can model. Aleatoric uncertainty captures noise inherent in the observations. On the other hand, epistemic uncertainty accounts for uncertainty in the model -- uncertainty which can be explained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-06 Alex Kendall , Yarin Gal

The application of neural networks in modeling dynamic systems has become prominent due to their ability to estimate complex nonlinear functions. Despite their effectiveness, neural networks face challenges in long-term predictions, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Parham Oveissi , Turibius Rozario , Ankit Goel

In this paper, state and noise covariance estimation problems for linear system with unknown multiplicative noise are considered. The measurement likelihood is modelled as a mixture of two Gaussian distributions and a Student's t…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-29 Xingkai Yu , Ziyang Meng

Effective quantification of uncertainty is an essential and still missing step towards a greater adoption of deep-learning approaches in different applications, including mission-critical ones. In particular, investigations on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Marco Forgione , Dario Piga

A novel approach for vehicle tracking using a hybrid adaptive Kalman filter is proposed. The filter utilizes recurrent neural networks to learn the vehicle's geometrical and kinematic features, which are then used in a supervised learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Barak Or , Itzik Klein

Quantifying forecast uncertainty is a key aspect of state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction and data assimilation systems. Ensemble-based data assimilation systems incorporate state-dependent uncertainty quantification based on…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-05-17 Maximiliano A. Sacco , Manuel Pulido , Juan J. Ruiz , Pierre Tandeo

This paper examines learning the optimal filtering policy, known as the Kalman gain, for a linear system with unknown noise covariance matrices using noisy output data. The learning problem is formulated as a stochastic policy optimization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-27 Shahriar Talebi , Amirhossein Taghvaei , Mehran Mesbahi

State estimation in stochastic dynamical systems with noisy measurements is a challenge. While the Kalman filter is optimal for linear systems with independent Gaussian white noise, real-world conditions often deviate from these…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Hassan Mortada , Cyril Falcon , Yanis Kahil , Mathéo Clavaud , Jean-Philippe Michel

A Bayesian treatment of deep learning allows for the computation of uncertainties associated with the predictions of deep neural networks. We show how the concept of Errors-in-Variables can be used in Bayesian deep regression to also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Jörg Martin , Clemens Elster

Deep learning (DL) has shown great potential in medical image enhancement problems, such as super-resolution or image synthesis. However, to date, little consideration has been given to uncertainty quantification over the output image. Here…

Deep Learning sets the state-of-the-art in many challenging tasks showing outstanding performance in a broad range of applications. Despite its success, it still lacks robustness hindering its adoption in medical applications. Modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Agnieszka Tomczack , Nassir Navab , Shadi Albarqouni

Modern autonomous navigation for unmanned ground vehicles relies on different estimators to fuse inertial sensors and GNSS measurements. However, the constant noise covariance matrices often struggle to account for dynamic real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Gal Versano , Itzik Klein

The uncertainty quantification of prediction models (e.g., neural networks) is crucial for their adoption in many robotics applications. This is arguably as important as making accurate predictions, especially for safety-critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Junan Chen , Josephine Monica , Wei-Lun Chao , Mark Campbell

Many important problems in the real world don't have unique solutions. It is thus important for machine learning models to be capable of proposing different plausible solutions with meaningful probability measures. In this work we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Di Qiu , Lok Ming Lui
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