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The quasi-neutral hybrid particle-in-cell algorithm with kinetic ions and fluid electrons is a popular model to study multi-scale problems in laboratory, space, and astrophysical plasmas. Here, it is shown that the treatment of ions as…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 A. Stanier , L. Chacon , A. Le

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation is the most important numerical tool in plasma physics. However, its long-term accuracy has not been established. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a canonical symplectic PIC method for the…

A new spectral particle-in-cell (PIC) method for plasma modeling is presented and discussed. In the proposed scheme, the Fourier-Bessel transform is used to translate the Maxwell equations to the quasi-cylindrical spectral domain. In this…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-08-17 Igor A. Andriyash , Remi Lehe , Agustin Lifschitz

Modern ultra-intense laser facilities can generate electromagnetic fields strong enough to accelerate particles to near-light speeds over micron-scale distances and also approach the QED critical field, resulting in highly nonlinear and…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Q. Qian , D. Seipt , M. Vranic , T. Grismayer , C. P. Ridgers , A. G. R. Thomas

Recent development of structure-preserving geometric particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithms for Vlasov-Maxwell systems is summarized. With the arriving of 100 petaflop and exaflop computing power, it is now possible to carry out direct…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Jianyuan Xiao , Hong Qin , Jian Liu

Validity of fluid models breaks down for non-thermal or weakly collisional plasmas which often occur e.g. in the solar wind. In these regimes one has to resort to modelling through the first-principle Vlasov-Maxwell system, but its…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Rostislav-Paul Wilhelm , Fabio Bacchini

Numerical schemes that preserve the structure of the kinetic equations can provide stable simulation results over a long time. An electromagnetic particle-in-cell solver for the Vlasov-Maxwell equations that preserves at the discrete level…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-24 Benedikt Perse , Katharina Kormann , Eric Sonnendrücker

The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation has been a widely used method for studying plasma physics. However, fully three-dimensional PIC simulations always require huge computational resources. For problems with near azimuthal symmetry, recent…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-02-09 Jianzhao Wang , Weiming An , Rong Tang , Weiyu Meng , Jiayong Zhong

Solving for charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields (i.e. the particle pushing problem) is a computationally intensive component of particle-in-cell (PIC) methods for plasma physics simulations. This task is especially challenging…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Tri P. Nguyen , Ilon Joseph , Mayya Tokman

A parallel, relativistic, three-dimensional particle-in-cell code SPACE has been developed for the simulation of electromagnetic fields, relativistic particle beams, and plasmas. In addition to the standard second-order Particle-in-Cell…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Kwangmin Yu , Prabhat Kumar , Shaohua Yuan , Aiqi Cheng , Roman Samulyak

The Particle-Particle-Particle-Mesh algorithm elegantly extends the standard Particle-In-Cell scheme by direct summation of interaction that happens over distances below or around mesh size. Generally, this allows for a more accurate…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-04-19 Tim Wyssling , Andreas Adelmann

Basic principles of particle-in-cell (PIC ) codes with the main application for plasma-based acceleration are discussed. The ab initio full electromagnetic relativistic PIC codes provide the most reliable description of plasmas. Their…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 Alexander Pukhov

We present the parallel particle-in-cell (PIC) code Apar-T and, more importantly, address the fundamental question of the relations between the PIC model, the Vlasov-Maxwell theory, and real plasmas. First, we present four validation tests:…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-11-12 Mickaël Melzani , Christophe Winisdoerffer , Rolf Walder , Doris Folini , Jean M. Favre , Stefan Krastanov , Peter Messmer

Entity is a new-generation, fully open-source particle-in-cell (PIC) code developed to overcome key limitations in astrophysical plasma modeling, particularly the extreme separation of scales and the performance challenges associated with…

A fully variational, unstructured, electromagnetic particle-in-cell integrator is developed for integration of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations. Using the formalism of Discrete Exterior Calculus, the field solver, interpolation scheme and…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Jonathan Squire , Hong Qin , William M. Tang

Implicit particle-in-cell codes offer advantages over their explicit counterparts in that they suffer weaker stability constraints on the need to resolve the higher frequency modes of the system. This feature may prove particularly valuable…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Mathieu Drouin , Laurent Gremillet , Jean-Claude Adam , Anne Héron

A novel adaptive technique for electromagnetic Particle In Cell (PIC) plasma simulations is presented here. Two main issues are identified in designing adaptive techniques for PIC simulation: first, the choice of the size of the particle…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 M. E. Innocenti , G. Lapenta , S. Markidis , A. Beck , A. Vapirev

Next-generation high-power lasers that can be focused to intensities exceeding 10^23 W/cm^2 are enabling new physics and applications. The physics of how these lasers interact with matter is highly nonlinear, relativistic, and can involve…

Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations of relativistic flowing plasmas are of key interest to several fields of physics (including e.g. laser-wakefield acceleration, when viewed in a Lorentz-boosted frame), but remain sometimes infeasible due…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Remi Lehe , Manuel Kirchen , Brendan B. Godfrey , Andreas R. Maier , Jean-Luc Vay

Particle-in-cell (PIC) is the most used algorithm to perform self-consistent tracking of intense charged particle beams. It is based on depositing macro-particles on a grid, and subsequently solving on it the Poisson equation. It is well…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2016-01-27 Frederik Kesting , Giuliano Franchetti