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Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods are frequently used for kinetic, high-fidelity simulations of plasmas. Implicit formulations of PIC algorithms feature strong conservation properties, up to numerical round-off errors, and are not subject to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 R. Kube , R. M. Churchill , B. Sturdevant

We propose a class of Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods for the Vlasov-Poisson system with a strong and inhomogeneous external magnetic field with fixed direction, where we focus on the motion of particles in the plane orthogonal to the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-01-25 Francis Filbet , Luis Rodrigues

A fundamental task in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of plasma physics is solving for charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields. This problem is especially challenging when the plasma is strongly magnetized due to numerical…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Tri P. Nguyen , Ilon Joseph , Mayya Tokman

This paper formulates a new particle-in-cell method for the Vlasov-Maxwell system. Under the Lorenz gauge condition, Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields can be written as a collection of scalar and vector wave equations. The…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Andrew J. Christlieb , William A. Sands , Stephen White

Outstanding advances in solid-state laser technology, employing the optical parametric chirped-pulse-amplification (OPCPA) technique, have led physicists to focus laser pulses to highly-relativistic intensities which led to novel schemes…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Szilárd Majorosi , Nasr Hafz , Zsolt Lécz

Particle in Cell (PIC) simulations are a widely used tool for the investigation of both laser- and beam-driven plasma acceleration. It is a known issue that the beam quality can be artificially degraded by numerical Cherenkov radiation…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2017-03-30 Sören Jalas , Irene Dornmair , Rémi Lehe , Henri Vincenti , Jean-Luc Vay , Manuel Kirchen , Andreas R. Maier

We present a geometric Particle-in-Cell (PIC) algorithm on two-dimensional (2D) unstructured meshes for studying electrostatic perturbations in magnetized plasmas. In this method, ions are treated as fully kinetic particles, and electrons…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Zhenyu Wang , Hong Qin , Benjamin Sturdevant , C. S. Chang

Recent developments in high peak-power table-top laser systems reaching highly relativistic light intensities have led to significant advances in laser-driven particle acceleration schemes (mainly the laser wakefield acceleration, LWFA)…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Szilárd Majorosi , Nasr A. M. Hafz , Zsolt Lécz

We introduce an extension of the particle-in-cell (PIC) method that captures the Landau collisional effects in the Vlasov-Maxwell-Landau equations. The method arises from a regularisation of the variational formulation of the Landau…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Rafael Bailo , José A. Carrillo , Jingwei Hu

Numerical heating in particle-in-cell (PIC) codes currently precludes the accurate simulation of cold, relativistic plasma over long periods, severely limiting their applications in astrophysical environments. We present a spatially…

Energy conserving particle-in-cell schemes are constructed for a class of reduced relativistic Vlasov--Maxwell equations of laser-plasma interaction. Discrete Poisson equation is also satisfied by the numerical solution. Specifically,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Yingzhe Li

Many problems in astrophysics involve relativistic outflows. The plasma dynamics in these scenarios is critical to determine the conditions for the self-consistent evolution of the fields and particle acceleration. Advances in computer…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 L. O. Silva

Axions have aroused widespread research interest because they can solve the strong CP problem and serve as a possible candidate for dark matter. Currently, people have explored a lot of axion detection experiments, including passively…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-27 Xiangyan An , Min Chen , Jianglai Liu , Zhengming Sheng , Jie Zhang

Finite-grid (or aliasing) instabilities are pervasive in particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulation algorithms, and force the modeler to resolve the smallest (Debye) length scale in the problem regardless of dynamical relevance. These…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 D. C. Barnes , L. Chacon

The 2D3V Aspherical Particle-in-Cell (APIC) code is developed for modeling of interactions of non-spherical dust grains with plasmas. It simulates the motion of plasma electrons and ions in a self-consistent electric field of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 R. D. Smirnov , S. I. Krasheninnikov

A new Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method, that conserves energy exactly, is presented. The particle equations of motion and the Maxwell's equations are differenced implicitly in time by the midpoint rule and solved concurrently by a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Stefano Markidis , Giovanni Lapenta

The 3D quasi-static particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm is a very efficient method for modeling short-pulse laser or relativistic charged particle beam-plasma interactions. In this algorithm, the plasma response to a non-evolving laser or…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Fei Li , Weiming An , Viktor K. Decyk , Xinlu Xu , Mark J. Hogan , Warren B. Mori

Conventional explicit electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithms do not conserve discrete energy exactly. Time-centered fully implicit PIC algorithms can conserve discrete energy exactly, but may introduce large dispersion errors in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacón , Lin Yin , Brian J. Albright , David J. Stark , Robert F. Bird

The numerical instability observed in the Electromagnetic-Particle-in-cell (EM-PIC) simulations with a plasma drifting with relativistic velocities is studied using both theory and computer simulations. We derive the numerical dispersion…

We extend the recently-developed explicit, energy-conserving particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme of [1] to the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell system. As in the non-relativistic case, the method is built on an optimization problem that is…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Lee Ricketson , Jingwei Hu