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Retrieval-augmented generation supports language models to strengthen their factual groundings by providing external contexts. However, language models often face challenges when given extensive information, diminishing their effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Chanwoong Yoon , Taewhoo Lee , Hyeon Hwang , Minbyul Jeong , Jaewoo Kang

Multi-hop textual question answering requires combining information from multiple sentences. We focus on a natural setting where, unlike typical reading comprehension, only partial information is provided with each question. The model must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark

Current question answering (QA) systems primarily consider the single-answer scenario, where each question is assumed to be paired with one correct answer. However, in many real-world QA applications, multiple answer scenarios arise where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Wenxuan Zhou , Qiang Ning , Heba Elfardy , Kevin Small , Muhao Chen

Two important aspects of semantic parsing for question answering are the breadth of the knowledge source and the depth of logical compositionality. While existing work trades off one aspect for another, this paper simultaneously makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Panupong Pasupat , Percy Liang

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires an information retrieval (IR) system that can find \emph{multiple} supporting evidence needed to answer the question, making the retrieval process very challenging. This paper introduces an IR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Ameya Godbole , Dilip Kavarthapu , Rajarshi Das , Zhiyu Gong , Abhishek Singhal , Hamed Zamani , Mo Yu , Tian Gao , Xiaoxiao Guo , Manzil Zaheer , Andrew McCallum

When answering complex questions, people can seamlessly combine information from visual, textual and tabular sources. While interest in models that reason over multiple pieces of evidence has surged in recent years, there has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Alon Talmor , Ori Yoran , Amnon Catav , Dan Lahav , Yizhong Wang , Akari Asai , Gabriel Ilharco , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Jonathan Berant

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are increasingly diverse, yet many suffer from monolithic designs that tightly couple core functions like query reformulation, retrieval, reasoning, and verification. This limits their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ruofan Wu , Youngwon Lee , Fan Shu , Danmei Xu , Seung-won Hwang , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He , Feng Yan

We propose a novel method for exploiting the semantic structure of text to answer multiple-choice questions. The approach is especially suitable for domains that require reasoning over a diverse set of linguistic constructs but have limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Daniel Khashabi , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Dan Roth

To solve a new task from minimal experience, it is essential to effectively reuse knowledge from previous tasks, a problem known as meta-learning. Compositional solutions, where common elements of computation are flexibly recombined into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jacob J. W. Bakermans , Pablo Tano , Reidar Riveland , Charles Findling , Alexandre Pouget

Interpretable multi-hop reading comprehension (RC) over multiple documents is a challenging problem because it demands reasoning over multiple information sources and explaining the answer prediction by providing supporting evidences. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Ming Tu , Kevin Huang , Guangtao Wang , Jing Huang , Xiaodong He , Bowen Zhou

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) requires reasoning about both the knowledge involved in a document and knowledge about the world. However, existing datasets are typically dominated by questions that can be well solved by context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Yibo Sun , Daya Guo , Duyu Tang , Nan Duan , Zhao Yan , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin

Retrieving information from correlative paragraphs or documents to answer open-domain multi-hop questions is very challenging. To deal with this challenge, most of the existing works consider paragraphs as nodes in a graph and propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Nan Shao , Yiming Cui , Ting Liu , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu

Question answering (QA) using textual sources for purposes such as reading comprehension (RC) has attracted much attention. This study focuses on the task of explainable multi-hop QA, which requires the system to return the answer with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Kosuke Nishida , Kyosuke Nishida , Masaaki Nagata , Atsushi Otsuka , Itsumi Saito , Hisako Asano , Junji Tomita

Question Answering (QA) is one of the most important natural language processing (NLP) tasks. It aims using NLP technologies to generate a corresponding answer to a given question based on the massive unstructured corpus. With the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Zhen Wang

Complex question answering over knowledge base (Complex KBQA) is challenging because it requires various compositional reasoning capabilities, such as multi-hop inference, attribute comparison, set operation. Existing benchmarks have some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Shulin Cao , Jiaxin Shi , Liangming Pan , Lunyiu Nie , Yutong Xiang , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Bin He , Hanwang Zhang

Event commonsense reasoning requires the ability to reason about the relationship between events, as well as infer implicit context underlying that relationship. However, data scarcity makes it challenging for language models to learn to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Tianqing Fang , Zeming Chen , Yangqiu Song , Antoine Bosselut

In complex inferential tasks like question answering, machine learning models must confront two challenges: the need to implement a compositional reasoning process, and, in many applications, the need for this reasoning process to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Ronghang Hu , Jacob Andreas , Trevor Darrell , Kate Saenko

This paper addresses the problem of generating questions from a given context and an answer, specifically focusing on questions that require multi-hop reasoning across an extended context. Previous studies have suggested that key phrase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zehua Xia , Qi Gou , Bowen Yu , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Cam-Tu Nguyen

Semantic parsing shines at analyzing complex natural language that involves composition and computation over multiple pieces of evidence. However, datasets for semantic parsing contain many factoid questions that can be answered from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Alon Talmor , Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant

Question answering and conversational systems are often baffled and need help clarifying certain ambiguities. However, limitations of existing datasets hinder the development of large-scale models capable of generating and utilising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Vaibhav Kumar , Alan W. black