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This paper proposes an iterative inference algorithm for multi-hop explanation regeneration, that retrieves relevant factual evidence in the form of text snippets, given a natural language question and its answer. Combining multiple sources…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Ruben Cartuyvels , Graham Spinks , Marie-Francine Moens

Multi-hop reasoning requires aggregating multiple documents to answer a complex question. Existing methods usually decompose the multi-hop question into simpler single-hop questions to solve the problem for illustrating the explainable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei , Zhihao Fan , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Learning multi-hop reasoning has been a key challenge for reading comprehension models, leading to the design of datasets that explicitly focus on it. Ideally, a model should not be able to perform well on a multi-hop question answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Jifan Chen , Greg Durrett

Resolving knowledge conflicts is a crucial challenge in Question Answering (QA) tasks, as the internet contains numerous conflicting facts and opinions. While some research has made progress in tackling ambiguous settings where multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Sagi Shaier , Ari Kobren , Philip Ogren

We investigate the ability of language models to perform compositional reasoning tasks where the overall solution depends on correctly composing the answers to sub-problems. We measure how often models can correctly answer all sub-problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ofir Press , Muru Zhang , Sewon Min , Ludwig Schmidt , Noah A. Smith , Mike Lewis

This paper is concerned with the task of multi-hop open-domain Question Answering (QA). This task is particularly challenging since it requires the simultaneous performance of textual reasoning and efficient searching. We present a method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Yair Feldman , Ran El-Yaniv

Multi-hop question answering requires models to gather information from different parts of a text to answer a question. Most current approaches learn to address this task in an end-to-end way with neural networks, without maintaining an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jifan Chen , Shih-ting Lin , Greg Durrett

Effective multi-hop question answering (QA) requires reasoning over multiple scattered paragraphs and providing explanations for answers. Most existing approaches cannot provide an interpretable reasoning process to illustrate how these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Zhenyun Deng , Yonghua Zhu , Yang Chen , Michael Witbrock , Patricia Riddle

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires a model to retrieve and integrate information from different parts of a long text to answer a question. Humans answer this kind of complex questions via a divide-and-conquer approach. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Yixuan Tang , Hwee Tou Ng , Anthony K. H. Tung

We describe a Question Answering (QA) dataset that contains complex questions with conditional answers, i.e. the answers are only applicable when certain conditions apply. We call this dataset ConditionalQA. In addition to conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Multi-hop QA requires reasoning over multiple supporting facts to answer the question. However, the existing QA models always rely on shortcuts, e.g., providing the true answer by only one fact, rather than multi-hop reasoning, which is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Wangzhen Guo , Qinkang Gong , Hanjiang Lai

Multi-hop question answering is a challenging task with distinct industrial relevance, and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods based on large language models (LLMs) have become a popular approach to tackle this task. Owing to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Zhouyu Jiang , Mengshu Sun , Lei Liang , Zhiqiang Zhang

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires systems to iteratively retrieve evidence and reason across multiple hops. While recent RAG and agentic methods report strong results, the underlying retrieval--reasoning \emph{process} is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelyu Ji , Zhuochun Li , Rui Meng , Daqing He

Knowledge graph (KG) is known to be helpful for the task of question answering (QA), since it provides well-structured relational information between entities, and allows one to further infer indirect facts. However, it is challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Yuyu Zhang , Hanjun Dai , Zornitsa Kozareva , Alexander J. Smola , Le Song

Current commonsense reasoning research focuses on developing models that use commonsense knowledge to answer multiple-choice questions. However, systems designed to answer multiple-choice questions may not be useful in applications that do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Bill Yuchen Lin , Haitian Sun , Bhuwan Dhingra , Manzil Zaheer , Xiang Ren , William W. Cohen

Post-training is routinely evaluated through aggregate benchmark scores that treat multi-hop reasoning as a single capability -- as if a model that answers more questions correctly must be better at assembling facts. We show that this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhe Yu , Wenpeng Xing , Yunzhao Wei , Jie Chen , Hongzhi Wang , Xuyang Teng , Meng Han

Readers of academic research papers often read with the goal of answering specific questions. Question Answering systems that can answer those questions can make consumption of the content much more efficient. However, building such tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Pradeep Dasigi , Kyle Lo , Iz Beltagy , Arman Cohan , Noah A. Smith , Matt Gardner

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) requires the machine to answer complex questions by finding scattering clues and reasoning from multiple documents. Graph Network (GN) and Question Decomposition (QD) are two common approaches at present.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jiawei Li , Mucheng Ren , Yang Gao , Yizhe Yang

When answering a question, people often draw upon their rich world knowledge in addition to the particular context. Recent work has focused primarily on answering questions given some relevant document or context, and required very little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Alon Talmor , Jonathan Herzig , Nicholas Lourie , Jonathan Berant

Most existing multi-hop datasets are extractive answer datasets, where the answers to the questions can be extracted directly from the provided context. This often leads models to use heuristics or shortcuts instead of performing true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Julian Schnitzler , Xanh Ho , Jiahao Huang , Florian Boudin , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa