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Designing rewards for Reinforcement Learning (RL) is challenging because it needs to convey the desired task, be efficient to optimize, and be easy to compute. The latter is particularly problematic when applying RL to robotics, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Yiming Ding , Carlos Florensa , Mariano Phielipp , Pieter Abbeel

Hindsight experience replay (HER) is well-known to accelerate goal-based reinforcement learning (RL). While HER is generally applied to off-policy RL algorithms, we previously showed that HER can also accelerate on-policy algorithms, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Douglas C. Crowder , Matthew L. Trappett , Darrien M. McKenzie , Frances S. Chance

Multi-goal reinforcement learning is widely applied in planning and robot manipulation. Two main challenges in multi-goal reinforcement learning are sparse rewards and sample inefficiency. Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) aims to tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Rui Yang , Jiafei Lyu , Yu Yang , Jiangpeng Yan , Feng Luo , Dijun Luo , Lanqing Li , Xiu Li

Reinforcement learning algorithms such as hindsight experience replay (HER) and hindsight goal generation (HGG) have been able to solve challenging robotic manipulation tasks in multi-goal settings with sparse rewards. HER achieves its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Zhenshan Bing , Matthias Brucker , Fabrice O. Morin , Kai Huang , Alois Knoll

Solving multi-goal reinforcement learning (RL) problems with sparse rewards is generally challenging. Existing approaches have utilized goal relabeling on collected experiences to alleviate issues raised from sparse rewards. However, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Rui Yang , Meng Fang , Lei Han , Yali Du , Feng Luo , Xiu Li

Exploration in environments with sparse feedback remains a challenging research problem in reinforcement learning (RL). When the RL agent explores the environment randomly, it results in low exploration efficiency, especially in robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Boyao Li , Tao Lu , Jiayi Li , Ning Lu , Yinghao Cai , Shuo Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to follow instructions with various constraints. Despite the encouraging results, RL improvement inevitably relies on sampling successful, high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kongcheng Zhang , Qi Yao , Shunyu Liu , Wenjian Zhang , Min Cen , Yang Zhou , Wenkai Fang , Yiru Zhao , Baisheng Lai , Mingli Song

This paper introduces ACS2HER, a novel integration of the Anticipatory Classifier System (ACS2) with the Hindsight Experience Replay (HER) mechanism. While ACS2 is highly effective at building cognitive maps through latent learning, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Olgierd Unold , Stanisław Franczyk

Deep learning has achieved remarkable successes in solving challenging reinforcement learning (RL) problems when dense reward function is provided. However, in sparse reward environment it still often suffers from the need to carefully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Hao Liu , Alexander Trott , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

This paper focuses on robotic reinforcement learning with sparse rewards for natural language goal representations. An open problem is the sample-inefficiency that stems from the compositionality of natural language, and from the grounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Frank Röder , Manfred Eppe , Stefan Wermter

Learning complex tasks from scratch is challenging and often impossible for humans as well as for artificial agents. A curriculum can be used instead, which decomposes a complex task (target task) into a sequence of source tasks (the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Binyamin Manela , Armin Biess

In this work, we introduce PIPER: Primitive-Informed Preference-based Hierarchical reinforcement learning via Hindsight Relabeling, a novel approach that leverages preference-based learning to learn a reward model, and subsequently uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Utsav Singh , Wesley A. Suttle , Brian M. Sadler , Vinay P. Namboodiri , Amrit Singh Bedi

Training LLMs as interactive agents for multi-turn decision-making remains challenging, particularly in long-horizon tasks with sparse and delayed rewards, where agents must execute extended sequences of actions before receiving meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiangweizhi Peng , Yuanxin Liu , Ruida Zhou , Charles Fleming , Zhaoran Wang , Alfredo Garcia , Mingyi Hong

Reinforcement learning methods have been used for learning dialogue policies. However, learning an effective dialogue policy frequently requires prohibitively many conversations. This is partly because of the sparse rewards in dialogues,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Keting Lu , Shiqi Zhang , Xiaoping Chen

LLM-agent training pipelines routinely discard failed trajectories even though GPT-4o achieves only 14-20% on WebArena and below 55% pass@1 on ToolBench; even specialised systems at 50-65% leave the majority of trajectories unused. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liang Ding

Sparse rewards pose a significant challenge to achieving high sample efficiency in goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, in sequential manipulation tasks, the agent receives failure rewards until it successfully…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yuming Huang , Bin Ren , Ziming Xu , Lianghong Wu

This project combines recent advances in experience replay techniques, namely, Combined Experience Replay (CER), Prioritized Experience Replay (PER), and Hindsight Experience Replay (HER). We show the results of combinations of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Tracy Wan , Neil Xu

Episodic self-imitation learning, a novel self-imitation algorithm with a trajectory selection module and an adaptive loss function, is proposed to speed up reinforcement learning. Compared to the original self-imitation learning algorithm,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Tianhong Dai , Hengyan Liu , Anil Anthony Bharath

Complex, long-horizon planning and its combinatorial nature pose steep challenges for learning-based agents. Difficulties in such settings are exacerbated in low data regimes where over-fitting stifles generalization and compounding errors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Joey Hejna , Pieter Abbeel , Lerrel Pinto

We study interactive learning in a setting where the agent has to generate a response (e.g., an action or trajectory) given a context and an instruction. In contrast, to typical approaches that train the system using reward or expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Dipendra Misra , Aldo Pacchiano , Robert E. Schapire