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Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) represent exotic states of matter where quantum spins interact strongly yet evade long-range magnetic order down to absolute zero. Characterized by non-local quantum entanglement and resultant fractionalized…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-05 Yuji Matsuda , Takasada Shibauchi , Hae-Young Kee

Motivated by the three-dimensional structure of Kitaev materials we explore multilayer Kitaev models. The magnetic properties of a multilayer of an arbitrary number of Kitaev honeycomb layers stacked on top of each other coupled through a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-03-05 Jaime Merino , Arnaud Ralko

In the quest to find quantum spin liquids, layered cobalt oxides Na2Co2TeO6 and Na3Co2SbO6 have been proposed as promising candidates for approximating the Kitaev honeycomb model. Yet, their suitability has been thrown into question due to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-04-25 Ping Miao , Xianghong Jin , Weiliang Yao , Yue Chen , Akihiro Koda , Zhenhong Tan , Wu Xie , Wenhai Ji , Takashi Kamiyama , Yuan Li

Magnetic moments arranged at the corners of a honeycomb lattice are predicted to form a novel state of matter, Kitaev quantum spin liquid, under the influence of frustration effects between bond-dependent Ising interactions. Some layered…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-03-09 Sean K. Takahashi , Jiaming Wang , Alexandre Arsenault , Mykola Abramchuk , Fazel Tafti , Philip M. Singer , Takashi Imai

The realization of quantum spin liquids (QSLs) in Kitaev magnets represents an intriguing topic in frustrated quantum magnetism. Despite prediction in the pure Kitaev honeycomb model, realization of QSLs in realistic systems and materials…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-09-11 Han Li , Xu-Guang Zhou , Gang Su , Wei Li

The Kitaev honeycomb model plays a pivotal role in the quest for quantum spin liquids, in which fractional quasiparticles would provide applications in decoherence-free topological quantum computing. The key ingredient is the bond-dependent…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-10-11 Seong-Hoon Jang , Yukitoshi Motome

We show that the topological Kitaev spin liquid on the honeycomb lattice is extremely fragile against the second-neighbor Kitaev coupling $K_2$, which has recently been shown to be the dominant perturbation away from the nearest-neighbor…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-12-08 Ioannis Rousochatzakis , Johannes Reuther , Ronny Thomale , Stephan Rachel , N. B. Perkins

The detection of considerable spin frustration in honeycomb cobalt oxide compounds indicates the presence of sizable Kitaev interactions in these systems, enlarging the pool of Kitaev spin liquid candidates. Several key questions remain to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-07 Pritam Bhattacharyya , Abdul Basit , Thorben Petersen , Stephan Rachel , Satoshi Nishimoto , Liviu Hozoi

Intensive studies of the interplay between spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and electronic correlations in transition metal compounds have recently been undertaken. In particular, $j_{\rm eff}$ = 1/2 bands on a honeycomb lattice provide a pathway…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-06-24 Heung-Sik Kim , V. Vijay Shankar , Andrei Catuneanu , Hae-Young Kee

Recent theoretical studies have suggested that the low-energy Hamiltonian of honeycomb cobaltate systems could be dominated by anisotropic Kitaev interactions. Motivated by the theory, a honeycomb layered material Na$_{2}$Co$_{2}$TeO$_{6}$…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-08-14 Emilie Dufault , Faranak Bahrami , Alenna Streeter , Xiaohan Yao , Enrique Gonzalez , Qiang Zhang , Fazel Tafti

Cobalt-based quantum magnets forming layered honeycomb arrangements have attracted much attention recently, as they are considered as a potential platform for materials with exotic Kitaev spin exchange. Amongst the discussed candidate…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-28 Abdul Basit , Richard A. Mole , Alex J. Brown , Jiatu Liu , Chris D. Ling , Stephan Rachel

The search for a Kitaev quantum spin liquid in crystalline magnetic materials has fueled intense interest in the two-dimensional honeycomb systems. Many promising candidate Kitaev systems are characterized by a long range ordered magnetic…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-10-16 V. Ovidiu Garlea , Colin L. Sarkis

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) form an extremely unusual magnetic state in which the spins are highly correlated and fluctuate coherently down to the lowest temperatures, but without symmetry breaking and without the formation of any static…

The quest for Kitaev quantum spin liquids has led to great interest in honeycomb quantum magnets with strong spin-orbit coupling. It has been recently proposed that even Mott insulators with $3d$ transition metal ions, having nominally weak…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-11-25 Shreya Das , Sreekar Voleti , Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta , Arun Paramekanti

A family of spin-orbit coupled honeycomb Mott insulators offers a playground to search for quantum spin liquids (QSLs) via bond-dependent interactions. In candidate materials, a symmetric off-diagonal $\Gamma$ term, close cousin of Kitaev…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-06-07 Qiang Luo , Jize Zhao , Hae-Young Kee , Xiaoqun Wang

In addition to the Kitaev ($K$) interaction, candidate Kitaev materials also possess Heisenberg ($J$) and off-diagonal symmetric ($\Gamma$) couplings. We investigate the quantum ($S = 1/2$) $K$-$J$-$\Gamma$ model on the honeycomb lattice by…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-11-14 Jiucai Wang , B. Normand , Zheng-Xin Liu

The realization of Kitaev's honeycomb magnetic model in real materials has become one of the most pursued topics in condensed matter physics and materials science. If found, it is expected to host exotic quantum phases of matter and offers…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-12-08 Chaebin Kim , Heung-Sik Kim , Je-Geun Park

A decade ago, Alexei Kitaev proposed an exactly solvable $S$ = 1/2 model on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, where the spins fractionalize into Majorana fermions and form a topological quantum spin liquid (QSL) in the ground state. It…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-01-21 Hidenori Takagi , Tomohiro Takayama , George Jackeli , Giniyat Khaliullin , Stephen E. Nagler

The identification of quantum spin liquid phases in Kitaev candidate materials remains a major experimental challenge. Since most Kitaev candidates develop antiferromagnetic (AFM) order at low temperatures, currently there are great…

The Kitaev model, which hosts a quantum spin liquid (QSL) in the ground state, was originally defined on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, but can be straightforwardly extended to any tricoordinate lattices in any spatial dimensions. In…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-29 Kiyu Fukui , Yasuyuki Kato , Yukitoshi Motome