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We prove the Goldbach Conjecture using p-adic analysis and algebraic methods, requiring no knowledge of prime gaps or distribution by showing counterexamples exist if and only if certain polynomials have integer solutions. Assuming, for the…
While there is a long tradition of reasoning about (non)termination in program analysis, specialized logics are typically needed to give different termination criteria. This includes partial correctness, where termination is not guaranteed,…
We examine the power of statistical zero knowledge proofs (captured by the complexity class SZK) and their variants. First, we give the strongest known relativized evidence that SZK contains hard problems, by exhibiting an oracle relative…
Obvious strategyproofness (OSP) is an appealing concept as it allows to maintain incentive compatibility even in the presence of agents that are not fully rational, e.g., those who struggle with contingent reasoning [Li, 2015]. However, it…
Motivated by the problem of finding finite versions of classical incompleteness theorems, we present some conjectures that go beyond ${\bf NP\neq co NP}$. These conjectures formally connect computational complexity with the difficulty of…
Existing work on theorem proving for the assertion language of separation logic (SL) either focuses on abstract semantics which are not readily available in most applications of program verification, or on concrete models for which…
Our goal is to compute a policy that guarantees improved return over a baseline policy even when the available MDP model is inaccurate. The inaccurate model may be constructed, for example, by system identification techniques when the true…
Continuing the study of complexity theory of Koepke's Ordinal Turing Machines (OTMs) that was started by Rin, L\"owe and the author, we prove the following results: (1) An analogue of Ladner's theorem for OTMs holds: That is, there are…
The Bodirsky-Pinsker conjecture asserts a P vs. NP-complete dichotomy for the computational complexity of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) of first-order reducts of finitely bounded homogeneous structures. Prominently, two structures…
We consolidate two widely believed conjectures about tautologies -- no optimal proof system exists, and most require superpolynomial size proofs in any system -- into a $p$-isomorphism-invariant condition satisfied by all paddable…
Semidefinite programs (SDP) are one of the most versatile frameworks in numerical optimization, serving as generalizations of many conic programs and as relaxations of NP-hard combinatorial problems. Their main drawback is their…
We consider strongly-convex-strongly-concave saddle-point problems with general non-bilinear objective and different condition numbers with respect to the primal and the dual variables. First, we consider such problems with smooth composite…
A neat 1972 result of Pohl asserts that [3n/2]-2 comparisons are sufficient, and also necessary in the worst case, for finding both the minimum and the maximum of an n-element totally ordered set. The set is accessed via an oracle for…
The problem of lifting a preference order on a set of objects to a preference order on a family of subsets of this set is a fundamental problem with a wide variety of applications in AI. The process is often guided by axioms postulating…
The $\textbf{P}$ vs. $\textbf{NP}$ problem is an important problem in contemporary mathematics and theoretical computer science. Many proofs have been proposed to this problem. This paper proposes a theoretic proof for $\textbf{P}$ vs.…
The Number Partitioning Problem (NPP) is one of the NP-complete computational problems. Its definite exact solution generally requires a check of all $N$ solution candidates, which is exponentially large. Here we describe a path to the fast…
Let $X$ be a scheme of finite type over $\mathbf{Z}$. For $p \in \mathcal{P}$ the set of prime numbers, let $N_{X}(p)$ be the number of $\mathbf{F}_{p}$-points of $X/\mathbf{F}_{p}$. For fixed $n\geq 1$ and $a_{1}, \ldots, a_{n} \in…
We consider the problem of sequencing a set of positive numbers. We try to find the optimal sequence to maximize the variance of its partial sums. The optimal sequence is shown to have a beautiful structure. It is interesting to note that…
We examine sets of codes such that certain properties are invariant under the choice of oracle from a range of possible oracles and establish a connection between such codes and Medvedev reductions. In examing the complexity of such sets of…
We consider pairs of finitely presented, residually finite groups $P\hookrightarrow\G$ for which the induced map of profinite completions $\hat P\to \hat\G$ is an isomorphism. We prove that there is no algorithm that, given an arbitrary…