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Current medical practice depends on standardized treatment frameworks and empirical methodologies that neglect individual patient variations, leading to suboptimal health outcomes. We develop a comprehensive system integrating Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Saman Nessari , Ali Bozorgi-Amiri

The Rising Multi-Armed Bandit (RMAB) framework models environments where expected rewards of arms increase with plays, which models practical scenarios where performance of each option improves with the repeated usage, such as in robotics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Seockbean Song , Chenyu Gan , Youngsik Yoon , Siwei Wang , Wei Chen , Jungseul Ok

We study how to learn optimal interventions sequentially given causal information represented as a causal graph along with associated conditional distributions. Causal modeling is useful in real world problems like online advertisement…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-12 Yangyi Lu , Amirhossein Meisami , Ambuj Tewari , Zhenyu Yan

There is intense interest in applying machine learning to problems of causal inference in fields such as healthcare, economics and education. In particular, individual-level causal inference has important applications such as precision…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-17 Uri Shalit , Fredrik D. Johansson , David Sontag

Estimating treatment effects (TE) from observational data is a critical yet complex task in many fields, from healthcare and economics to public policy. While recent advances in machine learning and causal inference have produced powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jeroen Berrevoets , Julianna Piskorz , Robert Davis , Harry Amad , Jim Weatherall , Mihaela van der Schaar

Inferring causal individual treatment effect (ITE) from observational data is a challenging problem whose difficulty is exacerbated by the presence of treatment assignment bias. In this work, we propose a new way to estimate the ITE using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Abhin Shah , Kartik Ahuja , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Dennis Wei , Kush Varshney , Amit Dhurandhar

The contextual multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem is crucial in sequential decision-making. A line of research, known as online clustering of bandits, extends contextual MAB by grouping similar users into clusters, utilizing shared features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhuohua Li , Maoli Liu , Xiangxiang Dai , John C. S. Lui

Contextual bandits are widely used in industrial personalization systems. These online learning frameworks learn a treatment assignment policy in the presence of treatment effects that vary with the observed contextual features of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Claudia Roberts , Maria Dimakopoulou , Qifeng Qiao , Ashok Chandrashekhar , Tony Jebara

While classical formulations of multi-armed bandit problems assume that each arm's reward is independent and stationary, real-world applications often involve non-stationary environments and interdependencies between arms. In particular,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Ryoma Sato , Shinji Ito

Contextual Bandit (CB) algorithms are widely adopted for personalized recommendations but often struggle in dynamic environments typical of fantasy sports, where rapid changes in user behavior and dramatic shifts in reward distributions due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Anupam Agrawal , Rajesh Mohanty , Shamik Bhattacharjee , Abhimanyu Mittal

We study the problem of using causal models to improve the rate at which good interventions can be learned online in a stochastic environment. Our formalism combines multi-arm bandits and causal inference to model a novel type of bandit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-13 Finnian Lattimore , Tor Lattimore , Mark D. Reid

Strategic behavior against sequential learning methods, such as "click framing" in real recommendation systems, have been widely observed. Motivated by such behavior we study the problem of combinatorial multi-armed bandits (CMAB) under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Jing Dong , Ke Li , Shuai Li , Baoxiang Wang

Combinatorial bandits extend the classical bandit framework to settings where the learner selects multiple arms in each round, motivated by applications such as online recommendation and assortment optimization. While extensions of upper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yuxiao Wen , Yanjun Han , Zhengyuan Zhou

Estimating individualised treatment effect (ITE) -- that is the causal effect of a set of variables (also called exposures, treatments, actions, policies, or interventions), referred to as \textit{composite treatments}, on a set of outcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Vinod Kumar Chauhan , Lei Clifton , Gaurav Nigam , David A. Clifton

We consider influence maximization (IM) in social networks, which is the problem of maximizing the number of users that become aware of a product by selecting a set of "seed" users to expose the product to. While prior work assumes a known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Sharan Vaswani , Branislav Kveton , Zheng Wen , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Laks Lakshmanan , Mark Schmidt

The multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem models a decision-maker that optimizes its actions based on current and acquired new knowledge to maximize its reward. This type of online decision is prominent in many procedures of Brain-Computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Frida Heskebeck , Carolina Bergeling , Bo Bernhardsson

In recent years, multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework has attracted a lot of attention in various applications, from recommender systems and information retrieval to healthcare and finance, due to its stellar performance combined with certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Djallel Bouneffouf , Irina Rish

Uplift modeling is a fundamental component of marketing effect modeling, which is commonly employed to evaluate the effects of treatments on outcomes. Through uplift modeling, we can identify the treatment with the greatest benefit. On the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Haowen Wang , Xinyan Ye , Yangze Zhou , Zhiyi Zhang , Longhan Zhang , Jing Jiang

In autonomous robotic decision-making under uncertainty, the tradeoff between exploitation and exploration of available options must be considered. If secondary information associated with options can be utilized, such decision-making…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Shohei Wakayama , Nisar Ahmed

In this paper, we investigate a new multi-armed bandit (MAB) online learning model that considers real-world phenomena in many recommender systems: (i) the learning agent cannot pull the arms by itself and thus has to offer rewards to users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Tianchen Zhou , Jia Liu , Chaosheng Dong , Jingyuan Deng