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A major difficulty in quantum rewinding is the fact that measurement is destructive: extracting information from a quantum state irreversibly changes it. This is especially problematic in the context of zero-knowledge simulation, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Alex Lombardi , Fermi Ma , Nicholas Spooner

We prove that the results of a finite set of general quantum measurements on an arbitrary dimensional quantum system can be simulated using a polynomial (in measurements) number of hidden-variable states. In the limit of infinitely many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-11 Borivoje Dakic , Milovan Suvakov , Tomasz Paterek , Caslav Brukner

A classical state-preparation device cannot generate states in relative superposition. We introduce classical models in which devices that are individually unable to generate states with relative superposition can be stochastically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Gabriele Cobucci , Alexander Bernal , Martin J. Renner , Armin Tavakoli

Haar random states are fundamental objects in quantum information theory and quantum computing. We study the density matrix resulting from sampling $t$ copies of a $d$-dimensional quantum state according to the Haar measure on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Tristan Nemoz , Romain Alléaume , Peter Brown

Interactive proof systems whose verifiers are constant-space machines have interesting features that do not have counterparts in the better studied case where the verifiers operate under reasonably large space bounds. The language…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-17 M. Utkan Gezer , A. C. Cem Say

As quantum devices continue to grow in size but remain affected by noise, it is crucial to determine when and how they can outperform classical computers on practical tasks. A central piece in this effort is to develop the most efficient…

Gluing theorem for random unitaries [Schuster, Haferkamp, Huang, QIP 2025] have found numerous applications, including designing low depth random unitaries [Schuster, Haferkamp, Huang, QIP 2025], random unitaries in ${\sf QAC0}$ [Foxman,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Prabhanjan Ananth , John Bostanci , Aditya Gulati , Yao-Ting Lin

A line of work initiated by Fortnow in 1997 has proven model-independent time-space lower bounds for the $\mathsf{SAT}$ problem and related problems within the polynomial-time hierarchy. For example, for the $\mathsf{SAT}$ problem, the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Abhijit S. Mudigonda , R. Ryan Williams

In quantum computing, knowing the symmetries a given system or state obeys or disobeys is often useful. For example, Hamiltonian symmetries may limit allowed state transitions or simplify learning parameters in machine learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-26 Margarite L. LaBorde , Soorya Rethinasamy , Mark M. Wilde

We describe algorithms to obtain an approximate classical description of a $d$-dimensional quantum state when given access to a unitary (and its inverse) that prepares it. For pure states we characterize the query complexity for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-19 Joran van Apeldoorn , Arjan Cornelissen , András Gilyén , Giacomo Nannicini

In this paper we address the computational feasibility of the class of decision theoretic models referred to as adversarial risk analyses (ARA). These are models where a decision must be made with consideration for how an intelligent…

General Economics · Economics 2021-10-26 Michael Macgregor Perry , Hadi El-Amine

We give a polynomial time algorithm that, given copies of an unknown quantum state $\vert\psi\rangle=U\vert 0^n\rangle$ that is prepared by an unknown constant depth circuit $U$ on a finite-dimensional lattice, learns a constant depth…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Zeph Landau , Yunchao Liu

Forty years ago, Wiesner pointed out that quantum mechanics raises the striking possibility of money that cannot be counterfeited according to the laws of physics. We propose the first quantum money scheme that is (1) public-key, meaning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-18 Scott Aaronson , Paul Christiano

We prove a Carbery-Wright style anti-concentration inequality for the unitary Haar measure, by showing that the probability of a polynomial in the entries of a random unitary falling into an $\varepsilon$ range is at most a polynomial in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Bill Fefferman , Soumik Ghosh , Wei Zhan

Quantum algorithms for diverse problems, including search and optimization problems, require the implementation of a reflection operator over a target state. Commonly, such reflections are approximately implemented using phase estimation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-08 Anirban Narayan Chowdhury , Yigit Subasi , Rolando D. Somma

Quantum pseudorandom state generators (PRSGs) have stimulated exciting developments in recent years. A PRSG, on a fixed initial (e.g., all-zero) state, produces an output state that is computationally indistinguishable from a Haar random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Chuhan Lu , Minglong Qin , Fang Song , Penghui Yao , Mingnan Zhao

Motivated by understanding the power of quantum computation with restricted number of qubits, we give two complete characterizations of unitary quantum space bounded computation. First we show that approximating an element of the inverse of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-22 Bill Fefferman , Cedric Yen-Yu Lin

This paper positively solves the quantum subroutine problem for fully quantum oracles. The quantum subroutine problem asks whether a quantum computer with an efficiently computable oracle can be efficiently simulated by a non-oracle quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Harumichi Nishimura , Masanao Ozawa

Any quantum resource theory is based on free states and free operations, i.e., states and operations which can be created and performed at no cost. In the resource theory of coherence free states are diagonal in some fixed basis, and free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-26 Julio I. de Vicente , Alexander Streltsov

A quantum state is called concordant if it has zero quantum discord with respect to any part. By extension, a concordant computation is one such that the state of the computer, at each time step, is concordant. In this paper, I describe a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-24 Bryan Eastin