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In the Milky Way, cosmic rays (CRs) are dynamically important in the interstellar medium, contribute to hydrostatic balance, and may help regulate star formation. However, we know far less about the importance of CRs in galaxies whose gas…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-27 Roland M. Crocker , Mark R. Krumholz , Todd A. Thompson

The spectrum and morphology of the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray emission carries valuable information on cosmic ray (CR) propagation. Recent results obtained by analyzing Fermi-LAT data accumulated over seven years of observation show a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-05 S. Recchia , P. Blasi , G. Morlino

We have developed a model which aims to reproduce observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray (CR) origin and propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and positrons, gamma-rays, and synchrotron…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 I. V. Moskalenko , A. W. Strong

A theory of cosmic-ray transport in multi-phase diffusive media is developed, with the specific application to cases in which the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient has large spatial fluctuations that may be inherently multi-scale. We…

Cosmic rays (CRs) in the Galaxy are an important dynamical component of the interstellar medium (ISM) that interact with the other major components (interstellar magnetic and radiation fields, and gas) to produce broadband interstellar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Troy A. Porter , Gudlaugur Johannesson , Igor V. Moskalenko

Recent advances on gamma-ray observations from SuperNova Remnants and Molecular Clouds offer the possibility to study in detail the properties of the propagation of escaping Cosmic Rays (CR). However, a complete theory for CR transport…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-09 Lara Nava , Stefano Gabici , Alexandre Marcowith , Giovanni Morlino , Vladimir Ptuskin

We study the compatibility of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) data on the cosmic-ray (CR) positron fraction with data on the CR electron and positron spectra provided by PAMELA and Fermi LAT. We do that in terms of a novel propagation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-11-19 Daniele Gaggero , Luca Maccione , Giuseppe Di Bernardo , Carmelo Evoli , Dario Grasso

Cosmic rays (CRs) are a dynamically important component of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies. The $\sim$GeV CRs that carry most CR energy and pressure are likely confined by self-generated turbulence, leading them to stream along…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-16 Matt L. Sampson , James R. Beattie , Mark R. Krumholz , Roland M. Crocker , Christoph Federrath , Amit Seta

We perform a comprehensive analysis of cosmic-ray propagation using the time-dependent AMS-02 flux measurements covering a full solar cycle, with particular emphasis on the role of solar modulation. We fit two representative Galactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-23 Isabelle John , Alessandro Cuoco , Mattia Di Mauro

Fermi/LAT observations of star-forming galaxies in the ~0.1-100GeV range have made possible a first population study. Evidence was found for a correlation between gamma-ray luminosity and tracers of the star formation activity. Studying…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Pierrick Martin

AMS-02 is a wide acceptance (0.5 m2 sr) and long duration (up to 20 years) magnetic spectrometer operating onboard the International Space Station since May 2011. Its main scientific objectives are the indirect research of Dark Matter,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-11-02 Nicola Tomassetti , Alberto Oliva

Since its launch, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-02 (AMS-02) has delivered outstanding quality measurements of the spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) species, $\bar{p}$, $e^{\pm}$, and nuclei (H--O, Ne, Mg, Si, Fe), which resulted in a number of…

The B/C ratio is used in cosmic-ray physics to constrain the transport parameters. However, from the same set of data, the various published values show a puzzling large scatter of these parameters. We investigate the impact of using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-07-08 D. Maurin , A. Putze , L. Derome

Phenomenological models of cosmic-ray (CR) transport in the Milky Way (MW) can reproduce a wide range of observations assuming that CRs scatter off of magnetic-field fluctuations with spectrum $\propto k^{-\delta}$ and $\delta \sim…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-15 Philipp Kempski , Eliot Quataert

Cosmic rays (CRs) are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM) of nearby galaxies, but many of their properties are not well-constrained. Gamma-ray observations provide a powerful tool in this respect, allowing us to constrain both the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-19 Maria Werhahn , Philipp Girichidis , Christoph Pfrommer , Joseph Whittingham

We develop a fully three dimensional numerical code describing the diffusion of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. It includes the nuclear spallation chain up to Oxygen, and allows the study of various cosmic ray properties, such as the CR age,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-10 David Benyamin , Ehud Nakar , Tsvi Piran , Nir J. Shaviv

This paper seeks to find an explanation of the galactic cosmic ray B/C ratio newly measured in cosmic rays between ~10 MeV/nuc and 1 TeV/nuc. Voyager measurements of this ratio at low energies and AMS-2 measurements at high energies are…

Space Physics · Physics 2016-06-10 W. R. Webber , T. L. Villa

Cosmic-ray transport in astrophysical environments is often dominated by the diffusion of particles in a magnetic field composed of both a turbulent and a mean component. This process, which is two-fold turbulent mixing in that the particle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-14 P. Reichherzer , L. Merten , J. Dörner , J. Becker Tjus , M. J. Pueschel , E. G. Zweibel

Cosmic-ray (CR) feedback is widely recognized as a key regulator of galaxy formation. After being accelerated at supernova remnant shocks, CRs propagate through the interstellar medium (ISM), establishing smooth large-scale distributions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-21 Timon Thomas , Christoph Pfrommer , Rüdiger Pakmor , Rouven Lemmerz , Mohamad Shalaby

Measurements of ultra heavy nuclei at GeV/n energies in the galactic cosmic radiation address the question of the sources (nucleosynthetic s- and r-processes). As such, the determination of CR source abundances is a promising way to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Combet , D. Maurin , J. Donnelly , L. O'C Drury , E. Vangioni-Flam