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Direct reciprocity, stemming from repeated interactions among players, is one of the fundamental mechanisms for understanding the evolution of cooperation. However, canonical strategies for the repeated prisoner's dilemma, such as…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-10 Xiaochen Wang , Aming Li

We will study a population of individuals playing the infinitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma under replicator dynamics. The population consists of three kinds of individuals using the following reactive strategies: ALLD (individuals which…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-09-04 Irene Núñez Rodríguez , Armando G. M. Neves

Human cooperation persists among strangers in large, well-mixed populations despite theoretical predictions of difficulties, leaving a fundamental evolutionary puzzle. While upstream (pay-it-forward: helping others because you were helped)…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-14 Tatsuya Sasaki , Satoshi Uchida , Isamu Okada , Hitoshi Yamamoto , Yutaka Nakai

Cooperation in repeated public goods game is hardly achieved, unless contingent behavior is present. Surely, if mechanisms promoting positive assortment between cooperators are present, then cooperators may beat defectors, because…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-06-24 Lucas Wardil , Marco A. Amaral

When people play a repeated game they usually try to anticipate their opponents' moves based on past observations, and then decide what action to take next. Behavioural economics studies the mechanisms by which strategic decisions are taken…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-04-20 Tobias Galla

We propose a model of evolutionary snowdrift game with $N$-person interactions and study the effects of multi-person interactions on the emergence of cooperation. An exact $N$-th-order equation for the equilibrium density of cooperators…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. F. Zheng , H. P. Yin , C. H. Chan , P. M. Hui

We study the evolution of cooperation in the spatial prisoner's dilemma game, where besides unconditional cooperation and defection, tit-for-tat, win-stay-lose-shift and extortion are the five competing strategies. While pairwise imitation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-07-02 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

This study aimed to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of a three-strategy game that combines snowdrift and stag hunt games. This game is motivated by an experimental study, which found that individual solution lowers cooperation levels.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-11 Hirofumi Takesue

In evolutionary game theory, repeated two-player games are used to study strategy evolution in a population under natural selection. As the evolution greatly depends on the interaction structure, there has been growing interests in studying…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-21 Colin Cooper , Martin Dyer , Velumailum Mohanaraj

We explore a replicator-mutator model of the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma involving three strategies: always cooperate (ALLC), always defect (ALLD), and tit-for-tat (TFT). The dynamics resulting from single unidirectional mutations are…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-06-23 Danielle F. P. Toupo , David G. Rand , Steven H. Strogatz

One of the most important questions in game theory concerns how mutual cooperation can be achieved and maintained in a social dilemma. In Axelrod's tournaments of the iterated prisoner's dilemma, Tit-for-Tat (TFT) demonstrated the role of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-25 Su Do Yi , Seung Ki Baek , Jung-Kyoo Choi

It is well known that in contrast to the Prisoner's Dilemma, the snowdrift game can lead to a stable coexistence of cooperators and cheaters. Recent theoretical evidence on the snowdrift game suggests that gradual evolution for individuals…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-19 Tatsuya Sasaki , Isamu Okada

The prisoner's dilemma describes a conflict between a pair of players, in which defection is a dominant strategy whereas cooperation is collectively optimal. The iterated version of the dilemma has been extensively studied to understand the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-02 Seung Ki Baek , Su Do Yi , Hyeong-Chai Jeong

We have studied a spatially extended snowdrift game, in which the players are located on the sites of two-dimensional square lattices and repeatedly have to choose one of the two strategies, either cooperation (C) or defection (D). A player…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Marko Sysi-Aho , Jari Saramaki , Janos Kertesz , Kimmo Kaski

Repeated interaction between individuals is the main mechanism for maintaining cooperation in social dilemma situations. Variants of tit-for-tat (repeating the previous action of the opponent) and the win-stay lose-shift strategy are known…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-11-08 Shoma Tanabe , Naoki Masuda

Cooperation within asymmetric populations has garnered significant attention in evolutionary games. This paper explores cooperation evolution in populations with weak and strong players, using a game model where players choose between…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-03-12 Hao Guo , Chen Shen , Rongcheng Zou , Pin Tao , Yuanchun Shi , Zhen Wang , Junliang Xing

We study the evolution of two mutually interacting games with both pairwise games as well as the public goods game on different topologies. On 2d square lattices, we reveal that the game-game interaction can promote the cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-06 Rizhou Liang , Qinqin Wang , Jiqiang Zhang , Guozhong Zheng , Lin Ma , Li Chen

The theory of direct reciprocity explores how individuals cooperate when they interact repeatedly. In repeated interactions, individuals can condition their behaviour on what happened earlier. One prominent example of a conditional strategy…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Nataliya A. Balabanova , Manh Hong Duong , Christian Hilbe

In social dilemmas, most interactions are transient and susceptible to restructuring, leading to continuous changes in social networks over time. Typically, agents assess the rewards of their current interactions and adjust their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-25 Xiaojin Xiong , Yichao Yao , Minyu Feng , Manuel Chica

Reciprocity is an important feature of human social interaction and underpins our cooperative nature. What is more, simple forms of reciprocity have proved remarkably resilient in matrix game social dilemmas. Most famously, the tit-for-tat…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Tom Eccles , Edward Hughes , János Kramár , Steven Wheelwright , Joel Z. Leibo
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