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Nobody knows how language works, but many theories abound. Transformers are a class of neural networks that process language automatically with more success than alternatives, both those based on neural computations and those that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Felix Hill

Recent advances in neural architectures, such as the Transformer, coupled with the emergence of large-scale pre-trained models such as BERT, have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), pushing the state of the art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Anton Chernyavskiy , Dmitry Ilvovsky , Preslav Nakov

We analyze the operation of transformer language adapters, which are small modules trained on top of a frozen language model to adapt its predictions to new target languages. We show that adapted predictions mostly evolve in the source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jesujoba O. Alabi , Marius Mosbach , Matan Eyal , Dietrich Klakow , Mor Geva

The transformer neural network architecture allows for autoregressive sequence-to-sequence modeling through the use of attention layers. It was originally created with the application of machine translation but has revolutionized natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Abhi Kamboj

Mechanistic interpretability research requires reliable tools for analyzing transformer internals across diverse architectures. Current approaches face a fundamental tradeoff: custom implementations like TransformerLens ensure consistent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Clément Dumas

Natural language processing (NLP) has grown significantly since the advent of the Transformer architecture. Transformers have given birth to pre-trained large language models (PLMs). There has been tremendous improvement in the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jesse Atuhurra , Hidetaka Kamigaito

In recent years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) models have achieved phenomenal success in linguistic and semantic tasks like text classification, machine translation, cognitive dialogue systems, information retrieval via Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Sushant Singh , Ausif Mahmood

The Transformer architecture has become prominent in developing large causal language models. However, mechanisms to explain its capabilities are not well understood. Focused on the training process, here we establish a meta-learning view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xinbo Wu , Lav R. Varshney

Following unprecedented success on the natural language tasks, Transformers have been successfully applied to several computer vision problems, achieving state-of-the-art results and prompting researchers to reconsider the supremacy of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-25 Fahad Shamshad , Salman Khan , Syed Waqas Zamir , Muhammad Haris Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Huazhu Fu

The Transformer architecture revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP). Transformers-based models (e.g., BERT) power many important Web services, such as search, translation, question-answering, etc. While enormous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Dave Dice , Alex Kogan

The Transformer model, initially achieving significant success in the field of natural language processing, has recently shown great potential in the application of tactile perception. This review aims to comprehensively outline the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Jing Gao , Ning Cheng , Bin Fang , Wenjuan Han

Transformers have made significant strides across various artificial intelligence domains, including natural language processing, computer vision, and audio processing. This success has naturally garnered considerable interest from both…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-12 Elyas Rashno , Amir Eskandari , Aman Anand , Farhana Zulkernine

In the era of pre-trained language models, Transformers are the de facto choice of model architectures. While recent research has shown promise in entirely convolutional, or CNN, architectures, they have not been explored using the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Yi Tay , Mostafa Dehghani , Jai Gupta , Dara Bahri , Vamsi Aribandi , Zhen Qin , Donald Metzler

Specialised pre-trained language models are becoming more frequent in NLP since they can potentially outperform models trained on generic texts. BioBERT and BioClinicalBERT are two examples of such models that have shown promise in medical…

AI is widely thought to be poised to transform business, yet current perceptions of the scope of this transformation may be myopic. Recent progress in natural language processing involving transformer language models (TLMs) offers a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ross Gruetzemacher , David Paradice

Self-supervised pre-training of large-scale transformer models on text corpora followed by finetuning has achieved state-of-the-art on a number of natural language processing tasks. Recently, Lu et al. (2021, arXiv:2103.05247) claimed that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Danielle Rothermel , Margaret Li , Tim Rocktäschel , Jakob Foerster

The introduction of transformer architecture was a turning point in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Models based on the transformer architecture such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative…

The rise in usage of Large Language Models to near ubiquitousness in recent years has risen societal concern about their applications in decision-making contexts, such as organizational justice or healthcare. This, in turn, poses questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Arturo Pérez-Peralta , Sandra Benítez-Peña , Rosa E. Lillo

Pre-trained language models (PTLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling major advances in tasks such as text generation and translation. Similar to software package management, PTLMs are developed using code and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Adekunle Ajibode , Abdul Ali Bangash , Oussama Ben Sghaier , Bram Adams , Ahmed E. Hassan

Language models based on the Transformer architecture have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of NLP tasks such as text classification, question-answering, and token classification. However, this performance is usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Kushal Jain , Adwait Deshpande , Kumar Shridhar , Felix Laumann , Ayushman Dash