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A path in an edge-colored graph is called {\em rainbow} if no two edges of it are colored the same. For an $\ell$-connected graph $G$ and an integer $k$ with $1\leq k\leq \ell$, the {\em rainbow $k$-connection number} $rc_k(G)$ of $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-12 Xueliang Li , Sujuan Liu

Many well-known problems in Combinatorics can be reduced to finding a large rainbow structure in a certain edge-coloured multigraph. Two celebrated examples of this are Ringel's tree packing conjecture and Ryser's conjecture on transversals…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-05 David Munhá Correia , Benny Sudakov

A rainbow graph is a graph that admits a vertex-coloring such that every color appears exactly once in the neighborhood of each vertex. We investigate some properties of rainbow graphs. In particular, we show that there is a bijection…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Suho Oh , Hwanchul Yoo , Taedong Yun

Let $G$ be a nontrivial connected graph with an edge-coloring $c: E(G)\rightarrow \{1,2,...,q\},$ $q \in \mathbb{N}$, where adjacent edges may be colored the same. A tree $T$ in $G$ is a $rainbow tree$ if no two edges of $T$ receive the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-04 Lily Chen , Xueliang Li , Kang Yang , Yan Zhao

We prove that every proper edge-coloring of the $n$-dimensional hypercube $Q_n$ contains a rainbow copy of every tree $T$ on at most $n$ edges. This result is best possible, as $Q_n$ can be properly edge-colored using only $n$ colors while…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Nicholas Crawford , Maya Sankar , Carl Schildkraut , Sam Spiro

A subgraph of an edge-coloured graph is called rainbow if all its edges have different colours. We prove a rainbow version of the blow-up lemma of Koml\'os, S\'ark\"ozy and Szemer\'edi that applies to almost optimally bounded colourings. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-24 Stefan Ehard , Stefan Glock , Felix Joos

Let $G$ be a simple graph that is properly edge coloured with $m$ colours and let $\M=\{M_1,\ldots, M_m\}$ be the set of $m$ matchings induced by the colours in $G$. Suppose that $m\le n-n^{c}$, where $c>9/10$, and every matching in $\M$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Pu Gao , Reshma Ramadurai , Ian Wanless , Nick Wormald

For a collection $\mathbf{G}=\{G_1,\dots, G_s\}$ of not necessarily distinct graphs on the same vertex set $V$, a graph $H$ with vertices in $V$ is a $\mathbf{G}$-transversal if there exists a bijection $\phi:E(H)\rightarrow [s]$ such that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-07 Felix Joos , Jaehoon Kim

Gallai's colouring theorem states that if the edges of a complete graph are 3-coloured, with each colour class forming a connected (spanning) subgraph, then there is a triangle that has all 3 colours. What happens for more colours: if we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-24 Imre Leader , Ta Sheng Tan

A path in an edge-colored graph is \textit{rainbow} if no two edges of it are colored the same. The graph is said to be \textit{rainbow connected} if there is a rainbow path between every pair of vertices. If there is a rainbow shortest…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Juho Lauri

A spanning tree of an edge-colored graph is rainbow provided that each of its edges receives a distinct color. In this paper we consider the natural extremal problem of maximizing and minimizing the number of rainbow spanning trees in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-07 Matthew DeVilbiss , Bradley Fain , Amber Holmes , Paul Horn , Sonwabile Mafunda , K. E. Perry

We prove that every 3-coloring of the edges of the complete graph on n vertices without a rainbow triangle contains a set of order Omega(n^{1/3}log^2 n) which uses at most two colors, and this bound is tight up to a constant factor. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-13 J. Fox , A. Grinshpun , J. Pach

An edge-coloured path is \emph{rainbow} if its edges have distinct colours. An edge-coloured connected graph is said to be \emph{rainbow connected} if any two vertices are connected by a rainbow path, and \emph{strongly rainbow connected}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-18 Hui Lei , Shasha Li , Henry Liu , Yongtang Shi

An edge-coloring of a graph $H$ is a function $\mathcal{C}: E(H) \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$. We say that $H$ is rainbow if all edges of $H$ have different colors. Given a graph $F$, an edge-colored graph $G$ is $F$-rainbow saturated if $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Yiduo Xu , Zhen He , Mei Lu

An $r$-uniform linear cycle of length $\ell$, denoted by $C^r_{\ell}$, is an $r$-graph with $\ell$ edges $e_1,e_2,\dots,e_{\ell}$ where $e_i=\{v_{(r-1)(i-1)},v_{(r-1)(i-1)+1},\dots,v_{(r-1)i}\}$ (here $v_0=v_{(r-1)\ell}$). For $0<\delta<1$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-10 Lirong Deng , Jie Han , Jiaxi Nie , Sam Spiro

A path in an edge-colored graph is said to be rainbow if no color repeats on it. An edge-colored graph is said to be rainbow $k$-connected if every pair of vertices is connected by $k$ internally disjoint rainbow paths. The rainbow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Igor Araujo , Kareem Benaissa , Richard Bi , Sean English , Shengan Wu , Pai Zheng

An edge-colored graph $G$, where adjacent edges may have the same color, is {\it rainbow connected} if every two vertices of $G$ are connected by a path whose edge has distinct colors. A graph $G$ is {\it $k$-rainbow connected} if one can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-03-15 Hengzhe Li , Xueliang Li , Yuefang Sun , Yan Zhao

For a graph $L$ and an integer $k\geq 2$, $R_k(L)$ denotes the smallest integer $N$ for which for any edge-colouring of the complete graph $K_N$ by $k$ colours there exists a colour $i$ for which the corresponding colour class contains $L$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-08-25 Tomasz Łuczak , Miklós Simonovits , Jozef Skokan

In this short note, we study pairwise edge-disjoint rainbow spanning trees in properly edge-coloured complete graphs, where a graph is rainbow if its edges have distinct colours. Brualdi and Hollingsworth conjectured that every $K_n$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-25 József Balogh , Hong Liu , Richard Montgomery

The celebrated canonical Ramsey theorem of Erd\H{o}s and Rado implies that for $2\leq k\in \mathbb{N}$, any colouring of the edges of $K_n$ with $n$ sufficiently large gives a copy of $C_{2k}$ which has one of three canonical colour…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-25 José D. Alvarado , Y. Kohayakawa , Patrick Morris , Guilherme O. Mota