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Magnetic switching in antiferromagnets relies on Neel spin orbit torque (NSOT), which originates from a current-induced staggered spin polarization of itinerant electrons. In collinear antiferromagnets, such a response requires the spin…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Sayan Sarkar , Amit Agarwal

This paper describes a robust, modular, and physics- based circuit framework to model conventional and emerging Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) devices. Magnetization dynamics are described by the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (sLLG)…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-08-23 Mustafa Mert Torunbalci , Pramey Upadhyaya , Sunil A. Bhave , Kerem Y. Camsari

Superparamagnetic tunnel junctions (SMTJs) are promising sources for the randomness required by some compact and energy-efficient computing schemes. Coupling SMTJs gives rise to collective behavior that could be useful for cognitive…

Write asymmetry, the significantly different write current for high-to-low and low-to-high resistance switching because of natural stochastic behaviors of magnetization, is a fundamental issue in magnetic random-access memory (MRAM). For…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 Baiqing Jiang , Dongyang Wu , Qianwen Zhao , Kaihua Lou , Yuelei Zhao , Yan Zhou , C. Tian , Chong Bi

Arrays of coupled nanomagnets have wide-ranging fundamental and practical applications in artificial spin ices, neuromorphic computing and spintronics. However, lacking in these fields are nanomagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT)-based perpendicularly magnetized memory devices with multistate memory have garnered significant interest due to their applicability in low-power in-memory analog computing. However, current methods are hindered by…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Raghvendra Posti , Chirag Kalouni , Dhananjay K Tiwari , Debangsu Roy

The subject of this study is spin transport through a molecular orbital connected to two leads, and coupled via exchange interaction with a precessing anisotropic molecular spin in a constant magnetic field. The inelastic spin-flip…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Milena Filipović

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is envisioned as an emerging non-volatile memory due to its ultra-high speed and low power consumption. The field-free switching schema in SOT devices is of great interest…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Min Wang , Zhaohao Wang , Chao Wang , Weisheng Zhao

Magnetic molecules possess a high potential as building blocks for the design of spintronic devices. Moreover, the use of molecular materials opens the way for the controlled use of bottom-up, e.g. supramolecular, processing techniques…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-04-25 Matias Urdampilleta , Svetlana Klyatskaya , Jean-Pierre Cleuziou , Mario Ruben , Wolfgang Wernsdorfer

Nonvolatile devices based on the spin-orbit torque (SOT) mechanism are highly suitable for in-memory logic operations. The current objective is to enhance the memory density of memory cells while performing logic operations within the same…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Raghvendra Posti , Dhanajay Tiwari , Debangsu Roy

The large-scale fabrication of three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with high yield is becoming increasingly crucial, especially with the growing interest in spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetic random access memory (MRAM) as the…

Voltage-driven spin transfer torques in magnetic tunnel junctions provide an outstanding tool to design advanced spin-based devices for memory and reprogrammable logic applications. The non-linear voltage dependence of the torque has a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 A. Manchon

Current-induced magnetization switching by spin-orbit torque (SOT) holds considerable promise for next generation ultralow-power memory and logic applications. In most cases, generation of spin-orbit torques has relied on an external…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-03-03 Yu Sheng , Yi Cao , Kevin William Edmonds , Yang Ji , Houzhi Zheng , Kaiyou Wang

In the last few years, some ideas of electric manipulations in ferromagnetic heterostructures have been proposed for developing next generation spintronic devices. Among them, the magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque (SOT) is…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-03-27 P. F. Liu , J. Miao , Q. Liu , Z. D. Xu , Z. Y. Ren , K. K. Meng , Y. Wu , J. K. Chen , X. G. Xu , Y. Jiang

Orbital torque (OT) offers a highly efficient way for electrical magnetization manipulation. However, its potential in the emerging field of flexible spintronics remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a flexible and robust OT…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-27 Liguang Gong , Jian Song , Bin Lao , Run-Wei Li , Zhiming Wang

Spin orbit torque (SOT) has been considered as one of the promising technologies for the next-generation magnetic random access memory (MRAM). So far, SOT has been widely utilized for inducing various modes of magnetization switching.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-10-19 Tongxi Liu , Zhaohao Wang , Min Wang , Chao Wang , Bi Wu , Weiqiang Liu , Weisheng Zhao

One of the big challenges of current electronics is the design and implementation of hardware neural networks that perform fast and energy-efficient machine learning. Spintronics is a promising catalyst for this field with the capabilities…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-01-17 Jan Kaiser , William A. Borders , Kerem Y. Camsari , Shunsuke Fukami , Hideo Ohno , Supriyo Datta

Telegraph noise caused by frequent switching of the magnetization in small magnetic devices has become a useful resource for probabilistic computing. Conventional theories have been based on a linearization of the fluctuations at the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-07-04 Mehrdad Elyasi , Shun Kanai , Hideo Ohno , Shunsuke Fukami , Gerrit E. W. Bauer

Single-qubit gates are essential components of a universal quantum computer. Without selective addressing of individual qubits, scalable implementation of quantum algorithms is not possible. When the qubits are discrete points or regions on…

We demonstrate the reduction of critical spin-transfer torque (STT) switching currents in Co-Fe-B/MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) with perpendicular magnetization anisotropy (PMA). The junctions yield tunnel magnetoresistance…