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The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) explains emergence of the thermodynamic equilibrium by assuming a particular structure of observable's matrix elements in the energy eigenbasis. Schematically, it postulates that off-diagonal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-11 Jiaozi Wang , Mats H. Lamann , Jonas Richter , Robin Steinigeweg , Anatoly Dymarsky , Jochen Gemmer

When a non-integrable system evolves out of equilibrium for a long time, local observables are expected to attain stationary expectation values, independent of the details of the initial state. However, intriguing experimental results with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-17 Mari Carmen Bañuls , J. Ignacio Cirac , Matthew B. Hastings

We study the validity of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and its role for the occurrence of initial-state independent (ISI) equilibration in closed quantum many-body systems. Using the concept of dynamical typicality, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Abdellah Khodja , Robin Steinigeweg , Jochen Gemmer

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis provides a framework for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems by characterizing statistical properties of local observables in energy eigenstates. Here we demonstrate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-11 Pavel Orlov , Rustem Sharipov , Enej Ilievski

The eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis resolves the paradox of emergent thermal or classical behaviour in a closed quantum system by focussing upon local observations. This permits the remainder of the system to act as a bath,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-09-11 Andrew Hallam , James Morley , Andrew G. Green

The emergence of statistical mechanics from quantum dynamics is a central problem in quantum many-body physics. Deriving observables aligned with the prediction of the canonical ensemble for a quantum system relies on the presence of a bath…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-05 Nikolay V. Gnezdilov , Andrei I. Pavlov

A strongly non-integrable system is expected to satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, which states that the expectation value of an observable in an energy eigenstate is the same as the thermal value. This must be revised if the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-11-04 Keith R. Fratus , Mark Srednicki

A plausible mechanism of thermalization in isolated quantum systems is based on the strong version of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which states that all the energy eigenstates in the microcanonical energy shell have…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-05-23 Toru Yoshizawa , Eiki Iyoda , Takahiro Sagawa

We study in detail the properties of the quantum East model, an interacting quantum spin chain inspired by simple kinetically-constrained models of classical glasses. Through a combination of analytics, exact diagonalization and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-09 Nicola Pancotti , Giacomo Giudice , J. Ignacio Cirac , Juan P. Garrahan , Mari Carmen Bañuls

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) for a translationally invariant quantum spin system on the $d$-dimensional cubic lattice under the periodic boundary conditions. It is known that the ETH holds in this model for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-03 Takashi Mori

We analyze a new class of time-periodic nonreciprocal dynamics in interacting chaotic classical spin systems, whose equations of motion are conservative (phase-space-volume-preserving) yet possess no symplectic structure. As a result, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-09 Adam J. McRoberts , Hongzheng Zhao , Roderich Moessner , Marin Bukov

The eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis (ETH) is a statistical characterisation of eigen-energies, eigenstates and matrix elements of local operators in thermalising quantum systems. We develop an ETH-like ansatz of a partially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-01 Philip JD Crowley , Anushya Chandran

Significant attention has been devoted to the problem of thermalization of observables in isolated quantum setups by individual eigenstates. Here, we address this issue from an open quantum system perspective, examining an isolated setup…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Krzysztof Ptaszynski , Massimiliano Esposito

We study thermalization within a quantum system with an enhanced capacity to store information. This system has been recently introduced to provide a prototype model of how a black hole processes and stores information. We perform a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Oleg Kaikov

We investigate dynamical equilibration of expectation values in closed quantum systems for realistic non-equilibrium initial states. Thereby we find that the corresponding long time expectation values depend on the initial expectation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-28 Christian Bartsch , Jochen Gemmer

We consider the common spin-1/2 XX-model in one dimension with open boundary conditions and a large but finite number of spins. The system is in thermal equilibrium at times t<0, and is subject to a weak local perturbation (quantum quench)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-27 Peter Reimann , Christian Eidecker-Dunkel

The thermalizing dynamics of many-body systems is often described through the lens of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). ETH postulates that the statistical properties of observables, when expressed in the energy eigenbasis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-01 Jiaozi Wang , Ruchira Mishra , Tian-Hua Yang , Luca V. Delacrétaz , Silvia Pappalardi

The dynamics of a many-body system can take many forms, from a purely reversible evolution to fast thermalization. Here we show experimentally and numerically that an assembly of spin 1 atoms all in the same spatial mode allows one to…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2021-02-22 Bertrand Evrard , An Qu , Jean Dalibard , Fabrice Gerbier

We study the dynamics and thermalization of the Fredkin spin chain, a system with local three-body interactions, particle conservation and explicit kinetic constraints. We consider deformations away from its stochastic point in order to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-11-05 Luke Causer , Mari Carmen Bañuls , Juan P. Garrahan

Using a Krylov-subspace time evolution algorithm, we simulate the real-time dynamics of translation invariant non-integrable finite spin rings to quite long times with high accuracy. We systematically study the finite-size deviation between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-26 Ivo A. Maceira , Andreas M. Läuchli