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As a seemingly self-explanatory task, problem-solving has been a significant component of science and engineering. However, a general yet concrete formulation of problem-solving itself is missing. With the recent development of AI-based…
Test-time scaling has emerged as a transformative paradigm for enhancing the performance of large reasoning models, enabling dynamic allocation of computational resources during inference. However, as the landscape of reasoning models…
Industrial inspection automation in aerospace presents numerous challenges due to the dynamic, information-rich and regulated aspects of the domain. To diagnose the condition of an aircraft component, expert inspectors rely on a significant…
Offline design optimization problem arises in numerous science and engineering applications including material and chemical design, where expensive online experimentation necessitates the use of in silico surrogate functions to predict and…
Increased connectivity and remote reprogrammability/reconfigurability features of embedded devices in current-day power systems (including interconnections between information technology -- IT -- and operational technology -- OT --…
The synthesis problem of a cyber-physical system (CPS) is to find an input signal under which the system's behavior satisfies a given specification. Our setting is that the specification is a formula of signal temporal logic, and…
In this article, we present a recently released R package for Bayesian calibration. Many industrial fields are facing unfeasible or costly field experiments. These experiments are replaced with numerical/computer experiments which are…
The semiparametric accelerated failure time (AFT) model offers a direct and interpretable alternative to the Cox proportional hazards model, yet practical diagnostic tools for this framework remain limited. We introduce afttest, an R…
Verification and validation of cyber-physical systems (CPS) via large-scale simulation often surface failures that are hard to interpret, especially when triggered by interactions between continuous and discrete behaviors at specific events…
Simulation is a foundational tool for the analysis and testing of cyber-physical systems (CPS), underpinning activities such as algorithm development, runtime monitoring, and system verification. As CPS grow in complexity and scale,…
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are increasingly complex and frequently integrated into modern societies via critical infrastructure systems, products, and services. Consequently, there is a need for reliable functionality of these complex…
A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) comprises physical as well as software subsystems. Simulation-based approaches are typically used to support design and Verification and Validation (V&V) of CPSs in several domains such as: aerospace, defence,…
This paper presents a methodology that enables projection-based model reduction for black-box high-fidelity models such as commercial CFD codes. The methodology specifically addresses the situation where the high-fidelity model may be a…
The rapid evolution of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) across various domains like mobility systems, networked control systems, sustainable manufacturing, smart power grids, and the Internet of Things necessitates innovative solutions that…
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are systems composed by a physical component that is controlled or monitored by a cyber-component, a computer-based algorithm. Advances in CPS technologies and science are enabling capability, adaptability,…
Alignment audits aim to robustly identify hidden goals from strategic, situationally aware misaligned models. Despite this threat model, existing auditing methods have not been systematically stress-tested against deception strategies. We…
We present a scalable, black box, perception-in-the-loop technique to find adversarial examples for deep neural network classifiers. Black box means that our procedure only has input-output access to the classifier, and not to the internal…
Cyber-physical space systems are engineered systems operating within physical space with design requirements that depend on space, e.g., regarding location or movement behavior. They are built from and depend upon the seamless integration…
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are increasingly being used within safety-critical Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). They are often co-located with traditional embedded software, and may perform advisory or control-based roles. It is…
Well-designed medical decision support system (DSS) have been shown to improve health care quality. However, before they can be used in real clinical situations, these systems must be extensively tested, to ensure that they conform to the…