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Diffusion and first passage in the presence of stochastic resetting and potential bias have been of recent interest. We study a few models, systematically progressing in their complexity, to understand the usefulness of resetting. In the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-04 Saeed Ahmad , Krishna Rijal , Dibyendu Das

After beginning with a short historical review of the concept of displaced (coherent) and squeezed states, we discuss previous (often forgotten) work on displaced and squeezed number states. Next, we obtain the most general displaced and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Michael Martin Nieto

Randomness is a central concept to statistics and physics. Here, a statistical analysis shows experimental evidence that tossing coins and finding last digits of prime numbers are identical regarding statistics for equally likely outcomes.…

Applications · Statistics 2019-10-29 Yeseul Kim , Byung Mook Weon

A person is given a numbered sequence of positions on a sheet of paper. The person is asked, "Which will be the next (or the next after that) position?" Everyone has an opinion as to how he or she would proceed. There are regular sequences…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-12-30 Manfred Harringer

During the attempt to line up into a dense traffic people have necessarily to share a limited space under turbulent conditions. From the statistical point view it generally leads to a probability distribution of the distances between the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-05-01 Petr Seba

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding an almost surely common fixed point of a family of paracontraction maps indexed on a probability space, which we refer to as the stochastic feasibility problem. We show that a random…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-08-12 Edgar Matias , Majela Pentón Machado

We study the problem of learning the preferences of drivers and planners in the context of last mile delivery. Given a data set containing historical decisions and delivery locations, the goal is to capture the implicit preferences of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Rocsildes Canoy , Victor Bucarey , Yves Molenbruch , Maxime Mulamba , Jayanta Mandi , Tias Guns

Formulating a statistical inverse problem as one of inference in a Bayesian model has great appeal, notably for what this brings in terms of coherence, the interpretability of regularisation penalties, the integration of all uncertainties,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-12-19 Natalia A. Bochkina , Peter J. Green

Simulation-based inference has been popular for amortized Bayesian computation. It is typical to have more than one posterior approximation, from different inference algorithms, different architectures, or simply the randomness of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-04 Yuling Yao , Bruno Régaldo-Saint Blancard , Justin Domke

Consider $n$ cars $C_1, C_2, \ldots, C_n$ that want to park in a parking lot with parking spaces $1,2,\ldots,n$ that appear in order. Each car $C_i$ has a parking preference $\alpha_i \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. The cars appear in order, if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Melanie Tian , Enrique Treviño

The occurrence of Simpson's paradox (SP) in $2\times 2$ contingency tables has been well studied. The present work comprehensively revisits this problem using a combination of philosophical reflections, causal considerations, and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-23 Palash Sarkar , Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay

In many social dilemmas, individuals tend to generate a situation with low payoffs instead of a system optimum ("tragedy of the commons"). Is the routing of traffic a similar problem? In order to address this question, we present…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk Helbing , Martin Schonhof , Hans-Ulrich Stark , Janusz A. Holyst

Bayesian Inference is a powerful approach to data analysis that is based almost entirely on probability theory. In this approach, probabilities model {\it uncertainty} rather than randomness or variability. This thesis is composed of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-08 Brendon J. Brewer

This paper considers data-driven chance-constrained stochastic optimization problems in a Bayesian framework. Bayesian posteriors afford a principled mechanism to incorporate data and prior knowledge into stochastic optimization problems.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-07 Prateek Jaiswal , Harsha Honnappa , Vinayak A. Rao

A king invites n couples to sit around a round table with 2n+1 seats. For each couple, the king decides a prescribed distance d between 1 and n which the two spouses have to be seated from each other (distance d means that they are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-06-15 Daniel Kohen , Ivan Sadofschi

Airlines use different boarding policies to organize the queue of passengers waiting to enter the airplane. We analyze three policies in the many-passenger limit by a geometric representation of the queue position and row designation of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-07-07 Sveinung Erland , Jevgenijs Kaupužs , Albert Steiner , Eitan Bachmat

In this paper we give a formula for the probability that $n$ random points chosen under the uniform distribution in a disk are in convex position. While close, the formula is recursive and is totally explicit only for the first values of…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-17 Jean-François Marckert

We study a random bisection problem where an initial interval of length x is cut into two random fragments at the first stage, then each of these two fragments is cut further, etc. We compute the probability P_n(x) that at the n-th stage,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 P. L. Krapivsky , Satya N. Majumdar

Two sets $A$ and $B$ of points in the plane are \emph{mutually avoiding} if no line generated by any two points in $A$ intersects the convex hull of $B$, and vice versa. In 1994, Aronov, Erd\H os, Goddard, Kleitman, Klugerman, Pach, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Mozhgan Mirzaei , Andrew Suk

In this expository article, we discuss the rank-derangement problem, which asks for the number of permutations of a deck of cards such that each card is replaced by a card of a different rank. This combinatorial problem arises in computing…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-04-03 Peter G. Doyle , Charles M. Grinstead , J. Laurie Snell