Related papers: Implementing Grover oracles for quantum key search…
We present quantum circuits to implement an exhaustive key search for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and analyze the quantum resources required to carry out such an attack. We consider the overall circuit size, the number of qubits,…
Recent studies have been spurred on by the promise of advanced quantum computing technology, which has led to the development of quantum computer simulations on classical hardware. Grover's quantum search algorithm is one of the well-known…
Advanced Encryption Standard is one of the most widely used and important symmetric ciphers for today. It well known, that it can be subjected to the quantum Grover's attack that twice reduces its key strength. But full AES attack requires…
In order to understand the bounds of utilization of the Grover's search algorithm for the large unstructured data in presence of the quantum computer noise, we undertake a series of simulations by inflicting various types of noise, modelled…
We present the implementation of Grover's algorithm in a quantum simulator to perform a quantum search for preimages of two scaled hash functions, whose design only uses modular addition, word rotation, and bitwise exclusive or. Our…
For any symmetric key cryptosystem with $n$-bit secret key, the key can be recovered in $O(2^{n/2})$ exploiting Grover search algorithm, resulting in the effective key length to be half. In this direction, subsequent work has been done on…
Grover search is a renowned quantum search algorithm that leverages quantum superposition to find a marked item with quadratic speedup. However, when implemented on Noisy Intermediate-scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware, the required repeated…
Due to Grover's algorithm, any exhaustive search attack of block ciphers can achieve a quadratic speed-up. To implement Grover,s exhaustive search and accurately estimate the required resources, one needs to implement the target ciphers as…
The advancement in quantum technology has brought the implementation of Grover's Search attack on cybersecurity algorithms much closer to reality. For such tasks, the Hilbert space has to be designed to make the relation between the input…
Searching large databases is an important problem with broad applications. The Grover search algorithm provides a powerful method for quantum computers to perform searches with a quadratic speedup in the number of required database queries…
This paper presents an enhancement to Grover's search algorithm for instances where the number of items (or the size of the search problem) $N$ is not a power of 2. By employing an efficient algorithm for the preparation of uniform quantum…
We investigate the implementation of an oracle for the Subset Sum problem for quantum search using Grover's algorithm. Our work concerns reducing the number of qubits, gates, and multi-controlled gates required by the oracle. We describe…
Finding the shortest vector in a lattice is a problem that is believed to be hard both for classical and quantum computers. Many major post-quantum secure cryptosystems base their security on the hardness of the Shortest Vector Problem…
Grover's algorithm, orginally conceived as a means of searching an unordered database, can also be used to extract solutions from the result sets generated by quantum computations. The Grover algorithm exploits the concept of an oracle…
With the advancement of quantum computing, symmetric cryptography faces new challenges from quantum attacks. These attacks are typically classified into two models: Q1 (classical queries) and Q2 (quantum superposition queries). In this…
Quantum computing has noteworthy speedup over classical computing by taking advantage of quantum parallelism, i.e., the superposition of states. In particular, quantum search is widely used in various computationally hard problems. Grover's…
$ $In its usual form, Grover's quantum search algorithm uses $O(\sqrt{N})$ queries and $O(\sqrt{N} \log N)$ other elementary gates to find a solution in an $N$-bit database. Grover in 2002 showed how to reduce the number of other gates to…
The security of classical symmetric-key primitives is fundamentally challenged by the emergence of quantum computing, necessitating a rigorous evaluation of their post-quantum resilience. This paper presents a comprehensive quantum circuit…
We introduce the concepts of Grover operators and Grover kernels to systematically analyse Grover's searching algorithms. Then, we investigate a one-parameter family of quantum searching algorithms of Grover's type and we show that the…
The Grover search algorithm is a pivotal advancement in quantum computing, promising a remarkable speedup over classical algorithms in searching unstructured large databases. Here, we report results for the implementation and…