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We present a novel quantum algorithm for solving the unstructured search problem with one marked element. Our algorithm allows generating quantum circuits that use asymptotically fewer additional quantum gates than the famous Grover's…

A quantum circuit to construct all maximal cliques using Grover search algorithm is presented. This oracle circuit takes as input an n-qubit state |x> and the adjacency matrix data A of an n-node network, and outputs the state (-1)^f(x) |x>…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 Chu Ryang Wie

Grover's search algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over classical brute-force search in terms of query complexity and is widely used as a versatile subroutine in numerous quantum algorithms, including those for combinatorial problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Eunok Bae , Jeonghyeon Shin , Minjin Choi

Grover's algorithm is a primary algorithm offered as evidence that quantum computers can provide an advantage over classical computers. It involves an "oracle" specified for a given application whose structure is not part of the formal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 E. M. Stoudenmire , Xavier Waintal

Grover's quantum search algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over the classical one. The computational complexity is based on the number of queries to the oracle. However, depth is a more modern metric for noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-31 Kun Zhang , Vladimir E. Korepin

Quantum advantage is the core of quantum computing. Grover's search algorithm is the only quantum algorithm with proven advantage to any possible classical search algorithm. However, realizing this quantum advantage in practice is quite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Jian Leng , Fan Yang , Xiang-Bin Wang

A quantum computer encodes information in quantum states and runs quantum algorithms to surpass the classical counterparts by exploiting quantum superposition and quantum correlation. Grover's quantum search algorithm is a typical quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Yutong Huang , Shengshi Pang

Grover's algorithm is a quantum query algorithm solving the unstructured search problem of size $N$ using $O(\sqrt{N})$ queries. It provides a significant speed-up over any classical algorithm \cite{Gro96}. The running time of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-24 Dmitry Kravchenko , Nikolajs Nahimovs , Alexander Rivosh

Grover adaptive search (GAS) is a quantum exhaustive search algorithm designed to solve binary optimization problems. In this paper, we propose higher-order binary formulations that can simultaneously reduce the numbers of qubits and gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Yuki Sano , Kosuke Mitarai , Naoki Yamamoto , Naoki Ishikawa

We investigate the cost of Grover's quantum search algorithm when used in the context of pre-image attacks on the SHA-2 and SHA-3 families of hash functions. Our cost model assumes that the attack is run on a surface code based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-01 Matthew Amy , Olivia Di Matteo , Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca , Alex Parent , John Schanck

Constraint satisfiability problems, crucial to several applications, are solved on a quantum computer using Grover's search algorithm, leading to a quadratic improvement over the classical case. The solutions are obtained with high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Gayathree M. Vinod , Anil Shaji

We present a systematic construction of quantum circuits implementing Grover's database search algorithm for arbitrary number of targets. We introduce a new operator which flips the sign of the targets and evaluate its circuit complexity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-31 Yuji Tanaka , Tsubasa Ichikawa , Masahito Tada-Umezaki , Yukihiro Ota , Mikio Nakahara

This paper presents a general strategy to recover a block cipher secret key in the cold boot attack setting. More precisely, we propose a key-recovery method that combines key enumeration algorithms and Grover's quantum algorithm to recover…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-10 Gustavo Banegas , Ricardo Villanueva-Polanco

The development of large quantum computers will have dire consequences for cryptography. Most of the symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms are vulnerable to quantum algorithms. Grover's search algorithm gives a square root time…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Ritik Bavdekar , Eashan Jayant Chopde , Ashutosh Bhatia , Kamlesh Tiwari , Sandeep Joshua Daniel , Atul

We analyze the performance of classical and quantum search algorithms from a thermodynamic perspective, focusing on resources such as time, energy, and memory size. We consider two examples that are relevant to post-quantum cryptography:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-02 Ray Perlner , Yi-Kai Liu

This work tests the performance of Grover's search circuits on some IBM superconducting quantum devices in case of the size of search space $N=2^4$ and $N=2^5$. Ideally, we expect to get an outcome probability distribution that is clearly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Yunos El Kaderi , Andreas Honecker , Iryna Andriyanova

Grover search is one of the most important quantum algorithms. In this paper, we consider a kind of search that the conditions of satisfaction $T$ can be rewritten as $T=T_1\bigcap T_2$. Then we present a new Grover search with smaller…

General Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Dan Li

Numerous conceptually important quantum algorithms rely on a black-box device known as an oracle, which is typically difficult to construct without knowing the answer to the problem that the algorithm is intended to solve. A notable example…

We prove that any $n$-qubit unitary can be implemented (i) approximately in time $\tilde O\big(2^{n/2}\big)$ with query access to an appropriate classical oracle, and also (ii) exactly by a circuit of depth $\tilde O\big(2^{n/2}\big)$ with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Gregory Rosenthal

Quantum search algorithm (also known as Grover's algorithm) lays the foundation for many other quantum algorithms. Although it is very simple, its implementation is limited on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. Grover's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-28 Kun Zhang , Kwangmin Yu , Vladimir Korepin