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Quantum computers have the potential to change the way we solve computational problems. Due to the noisy nature of qubits, the need arises to correct physical errors occurring during computation. The surface code is a promising candidate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Gyorgy P. Geher , Ophelia Crawford , Earl T. Campbell

With the advent of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, practical quantum computing has seemingly come into reach. However, to go beyond proof-of-principle calculations, the current processing architectures will need to scale up…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-25 Kai Meinerz , Chae-Yeun Park , Simon Trebst

Practical quantum computers will require resource-efficient error-correcting codes. The rotated surface code uses approximately half the number of qubits as the unrotated surface code to create a logical qubit with the same error-correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-14 Anthony Ryan O'Rourke , Simon Devitt

In this short review, I draw attention to new developments in the theory of fault tolerance in quantum computation that may give concrete direction to future work in the development of superconducting qubit systems. The basics of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 David P. DiVincenzo

The surface code is a leading candidate quantum error correcting code, owing to its high threshold, and compatibility with existing experimental architectures. Bravyi et al. (2006) showed that encoding a state in the surface code using…

We show how a hyperbolic surface code could be used for overhead-efficient quantum storage. We give numerical evidence for a noise threshold of 1.3% for the {4,5}-hyperbolic surface code in a phenomenological noise model (as compared to…

The surface code is one of the leading quantum error correction codes for realizing large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). One major challenge in realizing surface-code-based FTQC is the extremely large number of qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Kohei Fujiu , Shota Nagayama , Shin Nishio , Hideaki Kawaguchi , Takahiko Satoh

Tensor-network codes enable the construction of large stabilizer codes out of tensors describing smaller stabilizer codes. An application of tensor-network codes was an efficient and exact decoder for holographic codes. Here, we show how to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Terry Farrelly , David K. Tuckett , Thomas M. Stace

Standard approaches to quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing are based on encoding a single logical qubit into many physical ones, resulting in asymptotically zero encoding rates and therefore huge resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-06 Hayato Goto

Quantum computing (QC) is at the cusp of a revolution. Machines with 100 quantum bits (qubits) are anticipated to be operational by 2020 [googlemachine,gambetta2015building], and several-hundred-qubit machines are around the corner.…

We prove several theorems characterizing the existence of homological error correction codes both classically and quantumly. Not every classical code is homological, but we find a family of classical homological codes saturating the Hamming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

The discovery of new quantum error-correcting codes that encode several logical qubits into relatively few physical qubits motivates the development of efficient and accurate methods of decoding these systems. Here, we adopt the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Kaavya Sahay , Dominic J. Williamson , Benjamin J. Brown

Connecting multiple processors via quantum interconnect technologies could help overcome scalability issues in single-processor quantum computers. Transmission via these interconnects can be performed more efficiently using quantum…

The surface code is a two-dimensional topological code with code parameters that scale optimally with the number of physical qubits, under the constraint of two-dimensional locality. In three spatial dimensions an analogous simple yet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Dominic J. Williamson , Nouédyn Baspin

We present an algorithm for error correction in topological codes that exploits modern machine learning techniques. Our decoder is constructed from a stochastic neural network called a Boltzmann machine, of the type extensively used in deep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-20 Giacomo Torlai , Roger G. Melko

The realistic coherent errors could induce very different behaviors compared with their stochastic counterparts in the quantum error correction (QEC) and fault tolerant quantum computation. Their impacts are believed to be very subtle, more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Yuanchen Zhao , Dong E. Liu

We prove the existence of topological quantum error correcting codes with encoding rates $k/n$ asymptotically approaching the maximum possible value. Explicit constructions of these topological codes are presented using surfaces of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

We study the fidelity of the surface code in the presence of correlated errors induced by the coupling of physical qubits to a bosonic environment. By mapping the time evolution of the system after one quantum error correction cycle onto a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-10 E. Novais , Eduardo R. Mucciolo

Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

Two-dimensional quantum colour codes hold significant promise for quantum error correction, offering advantages such as planar connectivity and low overhead logical gates. Despite their theoretical appeal, the practical deployment of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Stergios Koutsioumpas , Tamas Noszko , Hasan Sayginel , Mark Webster , Joschka Roffe