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The Pathwidth Theorem states that if a class of graphs has unbounded pathwidth, then it contains all trees as graph minors. We prove a similar result for dense graphs. More precisely, we give a finite family of tree-like patterns and prove…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Mikołaj Bojańczyk , Pierre Ohlmann

A class of graphs G is chi-bounded if the chromatic number of the graphs in G is bounded by some function of their clique number. We show that the class of intersection graphs of simple x-monotone curves in the plane intersecting a vertical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-27 Andrew Suk

A class of graphs $\mathcal{G}$ is $\chi$-bounded if there exists a function $f$ such that $\chi(G) \leq f(\omega(G))$ for each graph $G \in \mathcal{G}$, where $\chi(G)$ and $\omega(G)$ are the chromatic and clique number of $G$,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Dibyayan Chakraborty , L. Sunil Chandran , Dalu Jacob , Raji R. Pillai

The graph polynomial for the number of independent sets of size $k$ in a general undirected graph is shown to be equal to an elementary symmetric polynomial of the vertex monomials, which are determined by the edges incident at the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-12 R. L. Streit

The Colouring problem is that of deciding, given a graph $G$ and an integer $k$, whether $G$ admits a (proper) $k$-colouring. For all graphs $H$ up to five vertices, we classify the computational complexity of Colouring for…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-09-06 Konrad K. Dabrowski , François Dross , Daniël Paulusma

Unigraphs are graphs identifiable up to isomorphism from their degree sequences. Given a class $\mathcal{A}$ of graphs, we define the class of $\mathcal{A}$-unigraphs to be graphs identifiable from degree sequence and membership in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-07 R. Whitman

A hereditary class $\cal G$ of graphs is {\em $\chi$-bounded} if there is a {\em $\chi$-binding function}, say $f$, such that $\chi(G)\le f(\omega(G))$ for every $G\in\cal G$, where $\chi(G)(\omega(G))$ denotes the chromatic (clique) number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Rui Li , Jinfeng Li , Di Wu

A family ${\cal F}$ of graphs is asymptotically $\chi$-bounded with bounding function $f$ if almost every graph $G$ in the family satisfies $\chi(G) \le f(\omega(G))$. A graph is $H$-free if it does not contain $H$ as an induced subgraph.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Bruce Reed , Yelena Yuditsky

The $k$-independence number of a graph is the maximum size of a set of vertices at pairwise distance greater than $k$. A graph is called $k$-partially walk-regular if the number of closed walks of a given length $l\le k$, rooted at a vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-26 M. A. Fiol

We prove that for every integer $t\geq 1$, the class of intersection graphs of curves in the plane each of which crosses a fixed curve in at least one and at most $t$ points is $\chi$-bounded. This is essentially the strongest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-05 Alexandre Rok , Bartosz Walczak

We continue the study of $(\mathrm{tw},\omega)$-bounded graph classes, that is, hereditary graph classes in which the treewidth can only be large due to the presence of a large clique, with the goal of understanding the extent to which this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Clément Dallard , Martin Milanič , Kenny Štorgel

Clique-width is a well-known graph parameter. Many NP-hard graph problems admit polynomial-time solutions when restricted to graphs of bounded clique-width. The same holds for NLC-width. In this paper we study the behavior of clique-width…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Frank Gurski

We prove that for every positive integer k, there exists an MSO_1-transduction that given a graph of linear cliquewidth at most k outputs, nondeterministically, some cliquewidth decomposition of the graph of width bounded by a function of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Mikołaj Bojańczyk , Martin Grohe , Michał Pilipczuk

A class $\mathcal{G}$ of graphs is called hereditary if it is closed under taking induced subgraphs. We denote by $G^{epex}$ the class of graphs that are at most one edge away from being in $\mathcal{G}$. We note that $G^{epex}$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Jagdeep Singh , Vaidy Sivaraman

Suppose that $G$ is a graph of cardinality $\mu^+$ with chromatic number $\chi(G)\geq \mu^+$. One possible reason that this could happen is if $G$ contains a clique of size $\mu^+$. We prove that this is indeed the case when the edge…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Yatir Halevi , Itay Kaplan , Saharon Shelah

We prove that for every path $P$, the class of graphs with no induced $P$ and no induced four-cycle $C_4$ is linearly $\chi$-bounded. More generally, we ask for which pairs $\{T,H\}$ where $T$ is a forest and $H$ is a complete multipartite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Tung Nguyen , Sang-il Oum

Connections between structural graph theory and finite model theory recently gained a lot of attention. In this setting, many interesting questions remain on the properties of dependent (NIP) hereditary classes of graphs, in particular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Hector Buffière , Patrice Ossona de Mendez

A hole in a graph $G$ is an induced cycle of length at least four, and a $k$-multihole in $G$ is a set of pairwise disjoint and nonadjacent holes. It is well known that if $G$ does not contain any holes then its chromatic number is equal to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-21 Maria Chudnovsky , Alex Scott , Paul Seymour , Sophie Spirkl

We introduce a class of pairs of graphs consisting of two cliques joined by an arbitrary number of edges. The members of a pair have the property that the clique-bridging edge-set of one graph is the complement of that of the other. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-06-08 Adam Bohn

We prove that for every positive integer $d$ and forest $F$, the class of intersection graphs of axis-aligned boxes in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with no induced $F$ subgraph is (polynomially) $\chi$-bounded.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-25 James Davies , Yelena Yuditsky