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One of the desired key properties of deep learning models is the ability to generalise to unseen samples. When provided with new samples that are (perceptually) similar to one or more training samples, deep learning models are expected to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Katharina Hoedt , Arthur Flexer , Gerhard Widmer

We take inspiration from the study of human explanation to inform the design and evaluation of interpretability methods in machine learning. First, we survey the literature on human explanation in philosophy, cognitive science, and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-21 David Alvarez-Melis , Harmanpreet Kaur , Hal Daumé , Hanna Wallach , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan

Time series models with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can have high accuracy but are unfortunately difficult to interpret as a result of feature-interactions, temporal-interactions, and non-linear transformations. Interpretability is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Asif Rahman , Yale Chang , Jonathan Rubin

We review generalized additive models as a type of ``transparent'' model that has recently seen renewed interest in the deep learning community as neural additive models. We highlight multiple types of nonidentifiability in this model class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Xinyu Zhang , Julien Martinelli , ST John

Interpretable machine learning models offer understandable reasoning behind their decision-making process, though they may not always match the performance of their black-box counterparts. This trade-off between interpretability and model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Pranjal Atrey , Michael P. Brundage , Min Wu , Sanghamitra Dutta

One of the major challenges in machine learning nowadays is to provide predictions with not only high accuracy but also user-friendly explanations. Although in recent years we have witnessed increasingly popular use of deep neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Yao Ming , Panpan Xu , Huamin Qu , Liu Ren

Sometimes it is not enough for a DNN to produce an outcome. For example, in applications such as healthcare, users need to understand the rationale of the decisions. Therefore, it is imperative to develop algorithms to learn models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Yinpeng Dong , Fan Bao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Interpretability aims to explain the behavior of deep neural networks. Despite rapid growth, there is mounting concern that much of this work has not translated into practical impact, raising questions about its relevance and utility. This…

For optimization models to be used in practice, it is crucial that users trust the results. A key factor in this aspect is the interpretability of the solution process. A previous framework for inherently interpretable optimization models…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-13 Marc Goerigk , Michael Hartisch , Sebastian Merten , Kartikey Sharma

Machine learning has shown much promise in helping improve the quality of medical, legal, and financial decision-making. In these applications, machine learning models must satisfy two important criteria: (i) they must be causal, since the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Carolyn Kim , Osbert Bastani

Deep time series models continue to improve predictive performance, yet their deployment remains limited by their black-box nature. In response, existing interpretability approaches in the field keep focusing on explaining the internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Giovanni De Felice , Riccardo D'Elia , Alberto Termine , Pietro Barbiero , Giuseppe Marra , Silvia Santini

Deep learning models developed for time-series associated tasks have become more widely researched nowadays. However, due to the unintuitive nature of time-series data, the interpretability problem -- where we understand what is under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Ziqi Zhao , Yucheng Shi , Shushan Wu , Fan Yang , Wenzhan Song , Ninghao Liu

Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MADRL) was proven efficient in solving complex problems in robotics or games, yet most of the trained models are hard to interpret. While learning intrinsically interpretable models remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yoann Poupart , Aurélie Beynier , Nicolas Maudet

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrates deeper into diverse sectors, the quest for powerful models has intensified. While significant strides have been made in boosting model capabilities and their applicability across domains, a glaring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Shiyun Wa , Xinai Lu , Minjuan Wang

Computationally explicit hypotheses of brain function derived from machine learning (ML)-based models have recently revolutionized neuroscience. Despite the unprecedented ability of these artificial neural networks (ANNs) to capture…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-12 Kohitij Kar , Simon Kornblith , Evelina Fedorenko

In naturalistic learning problems, a model's input contains a wide range of features, some useful for the task at hand, and others not. Of the useful features, which ones does the model use? Of the task-irrelevant features, which ones does…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Katherine L. Hermann , Andrew K. Lampinen

Mechanistic interpretability aims to reverse engineer neural networks by uncovering which high-level algorithms they implement. Causal abstraction provides a precise notion of when a network implements an algorithm, i.e., a causal model of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Theodora-Mara Pîslar , Sara Magliacane , Atticus Geiger

Although deep reinforcement learning has become a promising machine learning approach for sequential decision-making problems, it is still not mature enough for high-stake domains such as autonomous driving or medical applications. In such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Claire Glanois , Paul Weng , Matthieu Zimmer , Dong Li , Tianpei Yang , Jianye Hao , Wulong Liu

Interpretability of machine learning models is critical for data-driven precision medicine efforts. However, highly predictive models are generally complex and are difficult to interpret. Here using Model-Agnostic Explanations algorithm, we…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-31 Gajendra Jung Katuwal , Robert Chen

Mechanistic interpretability aims to understand the computational mechanisms underlying neural networks' capabilities in order to accomplish concrete scientific and engineering goals. Progress in this field thus promises to provide greater…