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Popular Maximum Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning approaches require the computation of expected state visitation frequencies for the optimal policy under an estimate of the reward function. This usually requires intermediate value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Gabriel Kalweit , Maria Huegle , Moritz Werling , Joschka Boedecker

Majority of off-policy reinforcement learning algorithms use overestimation bias control techniques. Most of these techniques rooted in heuristics, primarily addressing the consequences of overestimation rather than its fundamental origins.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Arsenii Kuznetsov

Model-free reinforcement learning has been successfully applied to a range of challenging problems, and has recently been extended to handle large neural network policies and value functions. However, the sample complexity of model-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Shixiang Gu , Timothy Lillicrap , Ilya Sutskever , Sergey Levine

This paper studies the statistical theory of batch data reinforcement learning with function approximation. Consider the off-policy evaluation problem, which is to estimate the cumulative value of a new target policy from logged history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Yaqi Duan , Mengdi Wang

While a number of existing approaches for building foundation model agents rely on prompting or fine-tuning with human demonstrations, it is not sufficient in dynamic environments (e.g., mobile device control). On-policy reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hao Bai , Yifei Zhou , Li Erran Li , Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar

Distributionally robust reinforcement learning (DRRL) focuses on designing policies that achieve good performance under model uncertainties. The goal is to maximize the worst-case long-term discounted reward, where the data for RL comes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Saptarshi Mandal , Yashaswini Murthy , R. Srikant

Full-sampling (e.g., Q-learning) and pure-expectation (e.g., Expected Sarsa) algorithms are efficient and frequently used techniques in reinforcement learning. Q$(\sigma,\lambda)$ is the first approach unifies them with eligibility trace…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Long Yang , Yu Zhang , Qian Zheng , Pengfei Li , Gang Pan

The variable and unpredictable load demands in hybrid agricultural tractors make it difficult to design optimal rule-based energy management strategies, motivating the use of adaptive, learning-based control. However, existing approaches…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Hend Abououf , Sidra Ghayour Bhatti , Qadeer Ahmed

Off-Policy reinforcement learning (RL) is an important class of methods for many problem domains, such as robotics, where the cost of collecting data is high and on-policy methods are consequently intractable. Standard methods for applying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Riley Simmons-Edler , Ben Eisner , Eric Mitchell , Sebastian Seung , Daniel Lee

On-policy distillation (OPD) is increasingly used in LLM post-training because it can leverage a teacher model to provide dense supervision on student rollouts. The standard implementation, however, usually reduces distribution matching to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuqian Fu , Haohuan Huang , Kaiwen Jiang , Jiacai Liu , Zhuo Jiang , Yuanheng Zhu , Dongbin Zhao

Self-imitation learning motivated by lower-bound Q-learning is a novel and effective approach for off-policy learning. In this work, we propose a n-step lower bound which generalizes the original return-based lower-bound Q-learning, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Yunhao Tang

Many reinforcement learning (RL) applications have combinatorial action spaces, where each action is a composition of sub-actions. A standard RL approach ignores this inherent factorization structure, resulting in a potential failure to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Shengpu Tang , Maggie Makar , Michael W. Sjoding , Finale Doshi-Velez , Jenna Wiens

A hallmark of modern large-scale machine learning techniques is the use of training objectives that provide dense supervision to intermediate computations, such as teacher forcing the next token in language models or denoising step-by-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Bhavya Agrawalla , Michal Nauman , Khush Agrawal , Aviral Kumar

In this work, we present a new model-free and off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, that is capable of finding a near-optimal policy with state-action observations from arbitrary behavior policies. Our algorithm, called the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-21 Narim Jeong , Donghwan Lee , Niao He

The breakthrough of deep Q-Learning on different types of environments revolutionized the algorithmic design of Reinforcement Learning to introduce more stable and robust algorithms, to that end many extensions to deep Q-Learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Mohammed Sabry , Amr M. A. Khalifa

Although Q-learning is one of the most successful algorithms for finding the best action-value function (and thus the optimal policy) in reinforcement learning, its implementation often suffers from large overestimation of Q-function values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Huaqing Xiong , Lin Zhao , Yingbin Liang , Wei Zhang

Temporal difference learning and Residual Gradient methods are the most widely used temporal difference based learning algorithms; however, it has been shown that none of their objective functions is optimal w.r.t approximating the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-21 Bo Liu , Daoming Lyu , Wen Dong , Saad Biaz

In this work, we present the first finite-time analysis of Q-learning with time-varying learning policies (i.e., on-policy sampling) for discounted Markov decision processes under minimal assumptions, requiring only the existence of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Phalguni Nanda , Zaiwei Chen

Model-free reinforcement learning algorithms, such as Q-learning, perform poorly in the early stages of learning in noisy environments, because much effort is spent unlearning biased estimates of the state-action value function. The bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Roy Fox , Ari Pakman , Naftali Tishby

Centralized training with decentralized execution has become an important paradigm in multi-agent learning. Though practical, current methods rely on restrictive assumptions to decompose the centralized value function across agents for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Yaodong Yang , Ying Wen , Liheng Chen , Jun Wang , Kun Shao , David Mguni , Weinan Zhang
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