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Related papers: Circuit equivalence in 2-nilpotent algebras

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We define the probability of an equation in a finite algebra as the proportion of tuples in its domain that satisfy it. We call the probabilistic spectrum of an algebra the set of probability values obtained when the equation varies. We…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Carles Cardó

Universal algebraic geometry allows considering of geometric properties of every universal algebra. When two algebras have same algebraic geometry? We must consider the categories of algebraic closed sets of these algebras to answer this…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-03 A. Tsurkov

We define the problem identity check: Given a classical description of a quantum circuit, determine whether it is almost equivalent to the identity. Explicitly, the task is to decide whether the corresponding unitary is close to a complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Dominik Janzing , Pawel Wocjan , Thomas Beth

Quantum circuit equivalence checking asks whether two circuits implement the same unitary. It guarantees compiler correctness and safe optimization, yet most existing approaches scale exponentially with the number of qubits or the circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Daisuke Sakamoto , Soshun Naito , Yusei Mori , Kosuke Mitarai

This paper is devoted to the study of graded associative algebras that satisfy a graded polynomial identity of degree $2$. % Let $\mathsf{G}$ be a finite abelian group, $\mathbb{F}$ a field of characteristic zero and $\mathfrak{A}$ a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Antonio de França

A notorious open question in circuit complexity is whether Boolean operations of arbitrary arity can efficiently be expressed using modular counting gates only. H{\aa}stad's celebrated switching lemma yields exponential lower bounds for the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Benedikt Pago

Recently, M. Kompatscher proved that for each finite supernilpotent algebra $\mathbf{A}$ in a congruence modular variety, there is a polynomial time algorithm to solve polynomial equations over this algebra. Let $\mu$ be the maximal arity…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-11-30 Erhard Aichinger

For a congruence subgroup $\Gamma$, we define the notion of $\Gamma$-equivalence on binary quadratic forms which is the same as proper equivalence if $\Gamma = \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)$. We develop a theory on $\Gamma$-equivalence such as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-02 Bumkyu Cho

We study the problem of polynomial identity testing (PIT) for depth 2 arithmetic circuits over matrix algebra. We show that identity testing of depth 3 (Sigma-Pi-Sigma) arithmetic circuits over a field F is polynomial time equivalent to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-09-08 Chandan Saha , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Nitin Saxena

We give an algorithm that decides whether a single equation in a group that is virtually a class $2$ nilpotent group with a virtually cyclic commutator subgroup, such as the Heisenberg group, admits a solution. This generalises the work of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Alex Levine

An 'arithmetic circuit' is a labeled, acyclic directed graph specifying a sequence of arithmetic and logical operations to be performed on sets of natural numbers. Arithmetic circuits can also be viewed as the elements of the smallest…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Ivo Düntsch , Ian Pratt-Hartmann

Coclass theory has been a highly successful approach towards the investigation and classification of finite nilpotent groups. Here we suggest a similar approach for finite nilpotent semigroups. This differs from the group theory setting in…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-04-17 Andreas Distler , Bettina Eick

The master equation is quantized. This is an example of quantization of a gauge theory with nilpotent generators. No ghosts are needed for a generation of the gauge algebra. The point about the nilpotent generators is that one can't write…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 G. A. Vilkovisky

Looking at some monoids and (semi)rings (natural numbers, integers and p-adic integers), and more generally, residually finite algebras (in a strong sense), we prove the equivalence of two ways for a function on such an algebra to behave…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Patrick Cegielski , Serge Grigorieff , Irene Guessarian

When one studies the structure (e.g. graded ideals, graded subspaces, radicals, ...) or graded polynomial identities of graded algebras, the grading group itself does not play an important role, but can be replaced by any other group that…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Alexey Gordienko , Ofir Schnabel

It is well known that there is a correspondence between sets and complete, atomic Boolean algebras (CABA's) taking a set to its power-set and, reciprocally, a complete, atomic Boolean algebra to its set of atomic elements. Of course, such a…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Marcelo E. Coniglio , Guilherme V. Toledo

In this paper, we consider bounded width circuits and nondeterministic circuits in three somewhat new directions. In the first part of this paper, we mainly consider bounded width circuits. The main purpose of this part is to prove that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Hiroki Morizumi

When one studies the structure (e.g. graded ideals, graded subspaces, radicals, ...) or graded polynomial identities of graded algebras, the grading group itself does not play an important role, but can be replaced by any other group that…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-05-14 Alexey Gordienko , Ofir Schnabel

We define a formal framework for equivalence checking of sequential quantum circuits. The model we adopt is a quantum state machine, which is a natural quantum generalisation of Mealy machines. A major difficulty in checking quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-13 Qisheng Wang , Riling Li , Mingsheng Ying

The paper is devoted studying solvable Leibniz algebras with a nilradical possessing the codimension equals the number of its generators. We describe this class in non-split nilradical case. Then the case of split nilradical is worked out.…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-01-11 K. K. Abdurasulov , B. A. Omirov , I. S. Rakhimov