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We review the Consistent Amplitude approach to Quantum Theory and argue that quantum probabilities are explicitly Bayesian. In this approach amplitudes are tools for inference. They codify objective information about how complicated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Ariel Caticha

We discuss epistemological and methodological aspects of the Bayesian approach in astrophysics and cosmology. The introduction to the Bayesian framework is given for a further discussion concerning the Bayesian inference in physics. The…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-09-27 Jakub Mielczarek , Marek Szydlowski , Pawel Tambor

In cosmology, we would like to explain our observations and predict future observations from theories of the entire universe. Such cosmological theories make ontological assumptions of what entities exist and what their properties and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2014-12-25 Don N. Page

This paper sets out to resolve how agents ought to act in the Sleeping Beauty problem and various related anthropic (self-locating belief) problems, not through the calculation of anthropic probabilities, but through finding the correct…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-09-21 Stuart Armstrong

Philosophers now seem to agree that frequentism is an untenable strategy to explain the meaning of probabilities. Nevertheless, I want to revive frequentism, and I will do so by grounding probabilities on typicality in the same way as the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Mario Hubert

The idea that decoherence in a unitary-only quantum theory suffices to explain emergence of classical phenomena has been shown in the peer-reviewed literature to be seriously flawed due to circularity. However, claims continue to be made…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-17 R. E. Kastner

Recommender systems often suffer from selection bias as users tend to rate their preferred items. The datasets collected under such conditions exhibit entries missing not at random and thus are not randomized-controlled trials representing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wonbin Kweon , Hwanjo Yu

According to quantum theory, measurements generate random outcomes, in stark contrast with classical mechanics. This raises the question of whether there could exist an extension of the theory which removes this indeterminism, as suspected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-10 Roger Colbeck , Renato Renner

The interplay between missing data and model uncertainty -- two classic statistical problems -- leads to primary questions that we formally address from an objective Bayesian perspective. For the general regression problem, we discuss the…

The robustness to the prior of Bayesian inference procedures based on a measure of statistical evidence are considered. These inferences are shown to have optimal properties with respect to robustness. Furthermore, a connection between…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-28 Luai Al-Labadi , Michael Evans

There are three principle paradigms of statistics: Bayesian, frequentist and information-based inference. Although these paradigms are in agreement in some contexts, the Lindley paradox describes a class of problems, models of unknown…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Colin H. LaMont , Paul A. Wiggins

Realist, no-collapse interpretations of quantum mechanics, such as Everett's, face the probability problem: how to justify the norm-squared (Born) rule from the wavefunction alone. While any basis-independent measure can only be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-23 Allan F. Randall

We revisit the vexed question of how unpredictability can arise in a deterministic universe, focusing on unitary quantum theory. We discuss why quantum unpredictability is irrelevant for the possibility of what some people call `free-will',…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Chiara Marletto , Vlatko Vedral

This paper studies a fundamental mechanism of how to detect a conflict between arguments given sentiments regarding acceptability of the arguments. We introduce a concept of the inverse problem of the abstract argumentation to tackle the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Hiroyuki Kido , Beishui Liao

Poole has shown that nonmonotonic logics do not handle the lottery paradox correctly. In this paper we will show that Pollock's theory of defeasible reasoning fails for the same reason: defeasible reasoning is incompatible with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Jens Doerpmund

Some risks have extremely high stakes. For example, a worldwide pandemic or asteroid impact could potentially kill more than a billion people. Comfortingly, scientific calculations often put very low probabilities on the occurrence of such…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-10-31 Toby Ord , Rafaela Hillerbrand , Anders Sandberg

The main object of Bayesian statistical inference is the determination of posterior distributions. Sometimes these laws are given for quantities devoid of empirical value. This serious drawback vanishes when one confines oneself to…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Federico Bassetti

We present a methodological argument to refute the so-called many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum theory. Several known criticisms in the literature have already pointed out problematic aspects of this interpretation, such as the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Luis C. Barbado , Flavio Del Santo

One of the main concepts in quantum physics is a density matrix, which is a symmetric positive definite matrix of trace one. Finite probability distributions can be seen as a special case when the density matrix is restricted to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-12 Manfred K Warmuth , Dima Kuzmin

We argue here about the relevance and the ultimate unity of the Bayesian approach in a neutral and agnostic manner. Our main theme is that Bayesian data analysis is an effective tool for handling complex models, as proven by the increasing…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-03-26 Christian P. Robert