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In this paper and its two sequels, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for two essential simple loops on a 2-bridge sphere in a 2-bridge link complement to be homotopic in the link complement. This paper treats the case when the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-01 Donghi Lee , Makoto Sakuma

This is the second of a series of papers which give a necessary and sufficient condition for two essential simple loops on a 2-bridge sphere in a 2-bridge link complement to be homotopic in the link complement. The first paper of the series…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-01 Donghi Lee , Makoto Sakuma

The graph is one of the most widely used mathematical structures in engineering and science because of its representational power and inherent ability to demonstrate the relationship between objects. The objective of this work is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Shri Prakash Dwivedi

We consider collections of disjoint simple closed curves in a compact orientable surface which decompose the surface into pairs of pants. The isotopy classes of such curve systems form the vertices of a 2-complex, whose edges correspond to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Allen Hatcher

A decomposition of a graph is a set of subgraphs whose edges partition those of $G$. The 3-decomposition conjecture posed by Hoffmann-Ostenhof in 2011 states that every connected cubic graph can be decomposed into a spanning tree, a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-08 Oliver Bachtler , Sven O. Krumke

We develop the theory of transformation semigroups that have degree 2, that is, act by partial functions on a finite set such that the inverse image of points have at most two elements. We show that the graph of fibers of such an action…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-07 Stuart W. Margolis , John Rhodes

We develop a space-level refinement of the $2$-factor homology by constructing a stable homotopy type associated to a certain family $\mathscr{G}$ of planar trivalent graphs equipped with perfect matchings. Specifically, we define a cover…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Nilangshu Bhattacharyya

We develop a theory of $\times$-homotopy, fundamental groupoids and covering spaces that apply to non-simple graphs, generalizing existing results for simple graphs. We prove that $\times$-homotopies from finite graphs can be decomposed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Tien Chih , Laura Scull

We study homomorphism polynomials, which are polynomials that enumerate all homomorphisms from a pattern graph $H$ to $n$-vertex graphs. These polynomials have received a lot of attention recently for their crucial role in several new…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Balagopal Komarath , Anurag Pandey , C. S. Rahul

Optimal Morse matchings reveal essential structures of cell complexes which lead to powerful tools to study discrete geometrical objects, in particular discrete 3-manifolds. However, such matchings are known to be NP-hard to compute on…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Benjamin A. Burton , Thomas Lewiner , João Paixão , Jonathan Spreer

We study the homotopy types of complements of arrangements of n transverse planes in R^4, obtaining a complete classification for n <= 6, and lower bounds for the number of homotopy types in general. Furthermore, we show that the homotopy…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Daniel Matei , Alexander I. Suciu

We study the problem HomsTo$H$ of counting, modulo 2, the homomorphisms from an input graph to a fixed undirected graph $H$. A characteristic feature of modular counting is that cancellations make wider classes of instances tractable than…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-08-27 Andreas Göbel , Leslie Ann Goldberg , David Richerby

Symmetric edge polytopes are a recent and well-studied family of centrally symmetric polytopes arising from graphs. In this paper, we introduce a generalization of this family to arbitrary simplicial complexes. We show how topological…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Torben Donzelmann , Thiago Holleben , Martina Juhnke

We obtain a description of the Bipartite Perfect Matching decision problem as a multilinear polynomial over the Reals. We show that it has full degree and $(1-o_n(1))\cdot 2^{n^2}$ monomials with non-zero coefficients. In contrast, we show…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Gal Beniamini , Noam Nisan

We introduce the notion of doubling and r-tupling for simplicial complexes, a notion reminiscent to that of matching complexes in graph theory. We prove a connectivity result for such complexes and relate r-tupling to stabilizing r times…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Kathryn Lesh , Bridget Schreiner , Nathalie Wahl

In this article, we define a family of regular bipartite graphs and show that the homotopy type of the independence complexes of this family is the wedge sum of spheres of certain dimensions.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-15 Nandini Nilakantan , Samir Shukla

A $2k$-matching is a perfect matching of the complete graph on $2k$ vertices. Two $2k$-matchings are defined to be $t$-intersecting if they have at least $t$ edges in common. The main result in this paper is that if $k \geq 3t/2+1$, then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-06-08 Karen Meagher

We give a decomposition of the suspension of a polyhedral join in terms of the polyhedral smash product of the suspension of the family of pairs, and study some cases in which the formula can be desuspended, particularly for polyhedral…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Andrés Carnero Bravo

We work with combinatorial maps to represent graph embeddings into surfaces up to isotopy. The surface in which the graph is embedded is left implicit in this approach. The constructions herein are proof-relevant and stated with a subset of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Jonathan Prieto-Cubides

Matching is a method of the design of experiments. If we had an even number of patients and wanted to form pairs of patients such that their ages, for example, in each pair be as close as possible, we would use nonbipartite matching. Not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-02 Josef Bukac