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Existing method generates class activation map (CAM) by a set of fixed classes (i.e., using all the classes), while the discriminative cues between class pairs are not considered. Note that activation maps by considering different class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Fanman Meng , Kaixu Huang , Hongliang Li , Qingbo Wu

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods are widely applied in weakly supervised learning tasks due to their ability to highlight object regions. However, conventional CAM methods highlight only the most discriminative regions of the target.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Qingdong Cai , Charith Abhayaratne

Classification networks can be used to localize and segment objects in images by means of class activation maps (CAMs). However, without pixel-level annotations, classification networks are known to (1) mainly focus on discriminative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Arvi Jonnarth , Michael Felsberg

Extracting class activation maps (CAM) from a classification model often results in poor coverage on foreground objects, i.e., only the discriminative region (e.g., the "head" of "sheep") is recognized and the rest (e.g., the "leg" of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Zhaozheng Chen , Qianru Sun

Classification activation map (CAM), utilizing the classification structure to generate pixel-wise localization maps, is a crucial mechanism for weakly supervised object localization (WSOL). However, CAM directly uses the classifier trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Lei Zhu , Qian Chen , Lujia Jin , Yunfei You , Yanye Lu

As the request for deep learning solutions increases, the need for explainability is even more fundamental. In this setting, particular attention has been given to visualization techniques, that try to attribute the right relevance to each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Samuele Poppi , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

We study how to evaluate the quantitative information content of a region within an image for a particular label. To this end, we bridge class activation maps with information theory. We develop an informative class activation map…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Zhenyue Qin , Dongwoo Kim , Tom Gedeon

Weakly supervised object localization has recently attracted attention since it aims to identify both class labels and locations of objects by using image-level labels. Most previous methods utilize the activation map corresponding to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Seunghan Yang , Yoonhyung Kim , Youngeun Kim , Changick Kim

Interpretation of deep learning remains a very challenging problem. Although the Class Activation Map (CAM) is widely used to interpret deep model predictions by highlighting object location, it fails to provide insight into the salient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yuguang Yang , Runtang Guo , Sheng Wu , Yimi Wang , Juan Zhang , Xuan Gong , Baochang Zhang

The need for Explainable AI is increasing with the development of deep learning. The saliency maps derived from convolutional neural networks generally fail in localizing with accuracy the image features justifying the network prediction.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Alexandre Englebert , Olivier Cornu , Christophe De Vleeschouwer

Class activation maps are widely used for explaining deep neural networks. Due to its ability to highlight regions of interest, it has evolved in recent years as a key step in weakly supervised learning. A major limitation to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Hang-Cheng Dong , Yuhao Jiang , Yingyan Huang , Jingxiao Liao , Bingguo Liu , Dong Ye , Guodong Liu

Convolutional neural networks have been shown to develop internal representations, which correspond closely to semantically meaningful objects and parts, although trained solely on class labels. Class Activation Mapping (CAM) is a recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-26 Amir Rosenfeld , Shimon Ullman

The class activation mapping, or CAM, has been the cornerstone of feature attribution methods for multiple vision tasks. Its simplicity and effectiveness have led to wide applications in the explanation of visual predictions and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Jae Myung Kim , Junsuk Choe , Zeynep Akata , Seong Joon Oh

Interpreting complex deep networks, notably pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), is a formidable challenge. Current Class Activation Map (CAM) methods highlight regions revealing the model's decision-making basis but lack clear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yuguang Yang , Runtang Guo , Sheng Wu , Yimi Wang , Linlin Yang , Bo Fan , Jilong Zhong , Juan Zhang , Baochang Zhang

Compared with expensive pixel-wise annotations, image-level labels make it possible to learn semantic segmentation in a weakly-supervised manner. Within this pipeline, the class activation map (CAM) is obtained and further processed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Jiawei Liu , Jing Zhang , Yicong Hong , Nick Barnes

Class activation map (CAM) has been widely used to highlight image regions that contribute to class predictions. Despite its simplicity and computational efficiency, CAM often struggles to identify discriminative regions that distinguish…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ziheng Zhang , Jianyang Gu , Arpita Chowdhury , Zheda Mai , David Carlyn , Tanya Berger-Wolf , Yu Su , Wei-Lun Chao

Weakly Supervised Object Localization (WSOL) aims to localize objects with image-level supervision. Existing works mainly rely on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) derived from a classification model. However, CAM-based methods usually focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Jilan Xu , Junlin Hou , Yuejie Zhang , Rui Feng , Rui-Wei Zhao , Tao Zhang , Xuequan Lu , Shang Gao

Extracting class activation maps (CAM) is arguably the most standard step of generating pseudo masks for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS). Yet, we find that the crux of the unsatisfactory pseudo masks is the binary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Zhaozheng Chen , Tan Wang , Xiongwei Wu , Xian-Sheng Hua , Hanwang Zhang , Qianru Sun

The Class Activation Map (CAM) lookup of a neural network tells us to which regions the neural network focuses when it makes a decision. In the past, the CAM search method was dependent upon a specific internal module of the network. It has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Yitao Peng , Longzhen Yang , Yihang Liu , Lianghua He

Quantum machine learning (QML) has recently made significant advancements in various topics. Despite the successes, the safety and interpretability of QML applications have not been thoroughly investigated. This work proposes using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Hsin-Yi Lin , Huan-Hsin Tseng , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Shinjae Yoo
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