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Question answering (QA) models have shown rapid progress enabled by the availability of large, high-quality benchmark datasets. Such annotated datasets are difficult and costly to collect, and rarely exist in languages other than English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Patrick Lewis , Barlas Oğuz , Ruty Rinott , Sebastian Riedel , Holger Schwenk

Recent studies report that many machine reading comprehension (MRC) models can perform closely to or even better than humans on benchmark datasets. However, existing works indicate that many MRC models may learn shortcuts to outwit these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Yuxuan Lai , Chen Zhang , Yansong Feng , Quzhe Huang , Dongyan Zhao

Visual question answering (VQA) demands simultaneous comprehension of both the image visual content and natural language questions. In some cases, the reasoning needs the help of common sense or general knowledge which usually appear in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Hui Li , Peng Wang , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

We present JEC-QA, the largest question answering dataset in the legal domain, collected from the National Judicial Examination of China. The examination is a comprehensive evaluation of professional skills for legal practitioners. College…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Haoxi Zhong , Chaojun Xiao , Cunchao Tu , Tianyang Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Despite recent work in Reading Comprehension (RC), progress has been mostly limited to English due to the lack of large-scale datasets in other languages. In this work, we introduce the first RC system for languages without RC training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Akari Asai , Akiko Eriguchi , Kazuma Hashimoto , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Many tasks aim to measure machine reading comprehension (MRC), often focusing on question types presumed to be difficult. Rarely, however, do task designers start by considering what systems should in fact comprehend. In this paper we make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Jesse Dunietz , Gregory Burnham , Akash Bharadwaj , Owen Rambow , Jennifer Chu-Carroll , David Ferrucci

We present $\textbf{Korean SimpleQA (KoSimpleQA)}$, a benchmark for evaluating factuality in large language models (LLMs) with a focus on Korean cultural knowledge. KoSimpleQA is designed to be challenging yet easy to grade, consisting of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Donghyeon Ko , Yeguk Jin , Kyubyung Chae , Byungwook Lee , Chansong Jo , Sookyo In , Jaehong Lee , Taesup Kim , Donghyun Kwak

This paper surveys 60 English Machine Reading Comprehension datasets, with a view to providing a convenient resource for other researchers interested in this problem. We categorize the datasets according to their question and answer form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Daria Dzendzik , Carl Vogel , Jennifer Foster

Machine reading comprehension with unanswerable questions aims to abstain from answering when no answer can be inferred. In addition to extract answers, previous works usually predict an additional "no-answer" probability to detect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Minghao Hu , Furu Wei , Yuxing Peng , Zhen Huang , Nan Yang , Dongsheng Li

Cross-lingual Machine Reading Comprehension (xMRC) is challenging due to the lack of training data in low-resource languages. The recent approaches use training data only in a resource-rich language like English to fine-tune large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Nuo Chen , Linjun Shou , Min Gong , Jian Pei , Daxin Jiang

Translating knowledge-intensive and entity-rich text between English and Korean requires transcreation to preserve language-specific and cultural nuances beyond literal, phonetic or word-for-word conversion. We evaluate 13 models (LLMs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Daniel Lee , Harsh Sharma , Jieun Han , Sunny Jeong , Alice Oh , Vered Shwartz

The machine reading comprehension (MRC) of user manuals has huge potential in customer service. However, current methods have trouble answering complex questions. Therefore, we introduce the Knowing-how & Knowing-that task that requires the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Hongru Liang , Jia Liu , Weihong Du , Dingnan Jin , Wenqiang Lei , Zujie Wen , Jiancheng Lv

Although many large-scale knowledge bases (KBs) claim to contain multilingual information, their support for many non-English languages is often incomplete. This incompleteness gives birth to the task of cross-lingual question answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Chen Zhang , Yuxuan Lai , Yansong Feng , Xingyu Shen , Haowei Du , Dongyan Zhao

We introduce COREQQA, a tool for assisting requirements engineers in acquiring a better understanding of compliance requirements by means of automated Question Answering. Extracting compliance-related requirements by manually navigating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Sallam Abualhaija , Chetan Arora , Lionel Briand

We introduce KMMMU, a native Korean benchmark for evaluating multimodal understanding in Korean cultural and institutional settings. KMMMU contains 3,466 questions from exams natively written in Korean, covering nine disciplines and nine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Nahyun Lee , Guijin Son , Hyunwoo Ko , Chanyoung Kim , JunYoung An , Kyubeen Han , Il-Youp Kwak

Multimodal Question Answering (MMQA) is crucial as it enables comprehensive understanding and accurate responses by integrating insights from diverse data representations such as tables, charts, and text. Most existing researches in MMQA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Bowen Zhao , Tianhao Cheng , Yuejie Zhang , Ying Cheng , Rui Feng , Xiaobo Zhang

While machines learn from existing corpora, humans have the unique capability to establish and accept new language systems. This makes human form unique language systems within social groups. Aligning with this, we focus on a gap remaining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 JiWoo Kim , Yunsu Kim , JinYeong Bak

To bridge the gap between Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) models and human beings, which is mainly reflected in the hunger for data and the robustness to noise, in this paper, we explore how to integrate the neural networks of MRC…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Chao Wang , Hui Jiang

Datasets extracted from social networks and online forums are often prone to the pitfalls of natural language, namely the presence of unstructured and noisy data. In this work, we seek to enable the collection of high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Rachel Gardner , Maya Varma , Clare Zhu , Ranjay Krishna

The task of Question Answering has gained prominence in the past few decades for testing the ability of machines to understand natural language. Large datasets for Machine Reading have led to the development of neural models that cater to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Soumya Wadhwa , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Eric Nyberg