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A question-answering (QA) system is to search suitable answers within a knowledge base. Current QA systems struggle with queries requiring complex reasoning or real-time knowledge integration. They are often supplemented with retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sizhe Yuen , Ting Su , Ziyang Wang , Yali Du , Adam J. Sobey

Large language models (LLMs) excel at many general-purpose natural language processing tasks. However, their ability to perform deep reasoning and mathematical analysis, particularly for complex tasks as required in cryptography, remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Mayar Elfares , Pascal Reisert , Tilman Dietz , Manpa Barman , Ahmed Zaki , Ralf Küsters , Andreas Bulling

Achieving human-level performance on some of the Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) datasets is no longer challenging with the help of powerful Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs). However, the internal mechanism of these artifacts remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yiming Cui , Wei-Nan Zhang , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Zhigang Chen , Shijin Wang

Extractive reading comprehension systems can often locate the correct answer to a question in a context document, but they also tend to make unreliable guesses on questions for which the correct answer is not stated in the context. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Pranav Rajpurkar , Robin Jia , Percy Liang

Question answering (QA) is the task of answering questions posed in natural language with free-form natural language answers extracted from a given passage. In the OpenQA variant, only a question text is given, and the system must retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Emrah Budur , Rıza Özçelik , Dilara Soylu , Omar Khattab , Tunga Güngör , Christopher Potts

A major challenge of research on non-English machine reading for question answering (QA) is the lack of annotated datasets. In this paper, we present GermanQuAD, a dataset of 13,722 extractive question/answer pairs. To improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Timo Möller , Julian Risch , Malte Pietsch

We present RACE, a new dataset for benchmark evaluation of methods in the reading comprehension task. Collected from the English exams for middle and high school Chinese students in the age range between 12 to 18, RACE consists of near…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Guokun Lai , Qizhe Xie , Hanxiao Liu , Yiming Yang , Eduard Hovy

Question Answering (QA) datasets are crucial in assessing reading comprehension skills for both machines and humans. While numerous datasets have been developed in English for this purpose, a noticeable void exists in less-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Tomás Freitas Osório , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

This paper tackles the problem of open domain factual Arabic question answering (QA) using Wikipedia as our knowledge source. This constrains the answer of any question to be a span of text in Wikipedia. Open domain QA for Arabic entails…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Hussein Mozannar , Karl El Hajal , Elie Maamary , Hazem Hajj

In this paper, we propose a novel data augmentation method, referred to as Controllable Rewriting based Question Data Augmentation (CRQDA), for machine reading comprehension (MRC), question generation, and question-answering natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Dayiheng Liu , Yeyun Gong , Jie Fu , Yu Yan , Jiusheng Chen , Jiancheng Lv , Nan Duan , Ming Zhou

With a lot of work about context-free question answering systems, there is an emerging trend of conversational question answering models in the natural language processing field. Thanks to the recently collected datasets, including QuAC and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Ting-Rui Chiang , Hao-Tong Ye , Yun-Nung Chen

In this paper, we study machine reading comprehension (MRC) on long texts, where a model takes as inputs a lengthy document and a question and then extracts a text span from the document as an answer. State-of-the-art models tend to use a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Hongyu Gong , Yelong Shen , Dian Yu , Jianshu Chen , Dong Yu

Question Answering (QA) is one of the most important natural language processing (NLP) tasks. It aims using NLP technologies to generate a corresponding answer to a given question based on the massive unstructured corpus. With the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Zhen Wang

Multilingual question answering tasks typically assume answers exist in the same language as the question. Yet in practice, many languages face both information scarcity -- where languages have few reference articles -- and information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Akari Asai , Jungo Kasai , Jonathan H. Clark , Kenton Lee , Eunsol Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

The need for Question Answering datasets in low resource languages is the motivation of this research, leading to the development of Kencorpus Swahili Question Answering Dataset, KenSwQuAD. This dataset is annotated from raw story texts of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Barack W. Wanjawa , Lilian D. A. Wanzare , Florence Indede , Owen McOnyango , Lawrence Muchemi , Edward Ombui

It is very challenging to curate a dataset for language-specific knowledge and common sense in order to evaluate natural language understanding capabilities of language models. Due to the limitation in the availability of annotators, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

End-to-end question answering (QA) requires both information retrieval (IR) over a large document collection and machine reading comprehension (MRC) on the retrieved passages. Recent work has successfully trained neural IR systems using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Revanth Gangi Reddy , Bhavani Iyer , Md Arafat Sultan , Rong Zhang , Avi Sil , Vittorio Castelli , Radu Florian , Salim Roukos

Question answering (QA) systems are among the most important and rapidly developing research topics in natural language processing (NLP). A reason, therefore, is that a QA system allows humans to interact more naturally with a machine,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Amer Farea , Zhen Yang , Kien Duong , Nadeesha Perera , Frank Emmert-Streib

Instruction-following language models demand robust methodologies for information retrieval to augment instructions for question-answering applications. A primary challenge is the resolution of coreferences in the context of chunking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Rob Grzywinski , Joshua D'Arcy , Rob Naidoff , Ashish Shukla , Alex Browne , Ren Gibbons , Brinnae Bent

Question Answering (QA), as a research field, has primarily focused on either knowledge bases (KBs) or free text as a source of knowledge. These two sources have historically shaped the kinds of questions that are asked over these sources,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Igor Labutov , Bishan Yang , Anusha Prakash , Amos Azaria
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