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In this paper, we describe an approach to achieve dynamic legged locomotion on physical robots which combines existing methods for control with reinforcement learning. Specifically, our goal is a control hierarchy in which highest-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Kevin Green , Yesh Godse , Jeremy Dao , Ross L. Hatton , Alan Fern , Jonathan Hurst

The contact sequence of humanoid walking consists of single and double support phases (SSP and DSP), and their coordination through proper duration and dynamic transition based on the robot's state is crucial for maintaining walking…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Kwanwoo Lee , Gyeongjae Park , Myeong-Ju Kim , Jaeheung Park

Collapsing terrains, often present in search and rescue missions or planetary exploration, pose significant challenges for quadruped robots. This paper introduces a robust locomotion framework for safe navigation over unstable surfaces by…

This paper proposes a formal robot motion risk reasoning framework and develops a risk-aware path planner that minimizes the proposed risk. While robots locomoting in unstructured or confined environments face a variety of risk, existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Xuesu Xiao , Jan Dufek , Robin Murphy

In trying to build humanoid robots that perform useful tasks in a world built for humans, we address the problem of autonomous locomotion. Humanoid robot planning and control algorithms for walking over rough terrain are becoming…

This article explores human-like movement from a fresh perspective on motion planning. We analyze the coordinated and compliant movement mechanisms of the human body from the perspective of biomechanics. Based on these mechanisms, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Lei Shi , Qichao Liu , Cheng Zhou , Wentao Gao , Haotian Wu , Yu Zheng , Xiong Li

With the release of open source datasets such as nuPlan and Argoverse, the research around learning-based planners has spread a lot in the last years. Existing systems have shown excellent capabilities in imitating the human driver…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Cristian Gariboldi , Matteo Corno , Beng Jin

Humanoid robots require both robust lower-body locomotion and precise upper-body manipulation. While recent Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches provide whole-body loco-manipulation policies, they lack precise manipulation with high DoF…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Chenhao Lu , Xuxin Cheng , Jialong Li , Shiqi Yang , Mazeyu Ji , Chengjing Yuan , Ge Yang , Sha Yi , Xiaolong Wang

Model predictive control (MPC) has demonstrated effectiveness for humanoid bipedal locomotion; however, its applicability in challenging environments, such as rough and slippery terrain, is limited by the difficulty of modeling terrain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junnosuke Kamohara , Feiyang Wu , Chinmayee Wamorkar , Seth Hutchinson , Ye Zhao

Accurate full-body motion prediction is essential for the safe, autonomous navigation of legged robots, enabling critical capabilities like limb-level collision checking in cluttered environments. Simplified kinematic models often fail to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Abhijeet M. Kulkarni , Ioannis Poulakakis , Guoquan Huang

This paper presents a model-based balance stabilization system which takes into account not only the stable part of COM dynamics but also the unstable part. In this system, the overall dynamics of a humanoid robot is approximated using a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Mohammadreza Kasaei , Nuno Lau , Artur Pereira

Complex motions for robots are frequently generated by switching among a collection of individual movement primitives. We use this approach to formulate robot motion plans as sequences of primitives to be executed one after the other. When…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Sushant Veer , Ioannis Poulakakis

Legged locomotion is a complex control problem that requires both accuracy and robustness to cope with real-world challenges. Legged systems have traditionally been controlled using trajectory optimization with inverse dynamics. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Fabian Jenelten , Junzhe He , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter

Loco-manipulation planning skills are pivotal for expanding the utility of robots in everyday environments. These skills can be assessed based on a system's ability to coordinate complex holistic movements and multiple contact interactions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Jean-Pierre Sleiman , Farbod Farshidian , Marco Hutter

Planning whole-body motions while taking into account the terrain conditions is a challenging problem for legged robots since the terrain model might produce many local minima. Our coupled planning method uses stochastic and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Carlos Mastalli , Ioannis Havoutis , Michele Focchi , Darwin G. Caldwell , Claudio Semini

This work presents a hierarchical framework for bipedal locomotion that combines a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based high-level (HL) planner policy for the online generation of task space commands with a model-based low-level (LL)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Guillermo A. Castillo , Bowen Weng , Shunpeng Yang , Wei Zhang , Ayonga Hereid

Living organisms interact with their surroundings in a closed-loop fashion, where sensory inputs dictate the initiation and termination of behaviours. Even simple animals are able to develop and execute complex plans, which has not yet been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Giulia Lafratta , Bernd Porr , Christopher Chandler , Alice Miller

High-dimensional robot dynamic trajectory planning poses many challenges for traditional planning algorithms. Existing planning methods suffer from issues such as long computation times, limited capacity to address intricate obstacle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Lihao Xu , Xiaogang Xiong , Bai Yang , Yunjiang Lou

Recent advancements in robotics have transformed industries such as manufacturing, logistics, surgery, and planetary exploration. A key challenge is developing efficient motion planning algorithms that allow robots to navigate complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Liding Zhang , Kuanqi Cai , Zewei Sun , Zhenshan Bing , Chaoqun Wang , Luis Figueredo , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

This paper presents a real-time gait driven training framework for humanoid robots. First, we introduce a novel gait planner that incorporates dynamics to design the desired joint trajectory. In the gait design process, the 3D robot model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Bolin Li , Yuzhi Jiang , Linwei Sun , Xuecong Huang , Lijun Zhu , Han Ding