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This paper proposes a service restoration model for unbalanced distribution systems and inverter-dominated microgrids (MGs), in which frequency dynamics constraints are developed to optimize the amount of load restoration and guarantee the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-11 Qianzhi Zhang , Zixiao Ma , Yongli Zhu , Zhaoyu Wang

The community integrated energy system (CIES) is an essential energy internet carrier that has recently been the focus of much attention. A scheduling model based on chance-constrained programming is proposed for integrated demand response…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-17 Yang Li , Bin Wang , Zhen Yang , Jiazheng Li , Guoqing Li

We propose a framework for resource provisioning with QoS guarantees in shared infrastructure networks. Our novel framework provides tunable probabilistic service guarantees for throughput and delay. Key to our approach is a Modified…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Quang Minh Nguyen , Eytan Modiano

The quality of control (QoC) of a resource-constrained embedded control system may be jeopardized in dynamic environments with variable workload. This gives rise to the increasing demand of co-design of control and scheduling. To deal with…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Feng Xia , Youxian Sun , Yu-Chu Tian , Moses Tade , Jinxiang Dong

Traditional synchronous generators with rotational inertia are being replaced by low-inertia renewable energy resources (RESs) in many power grids and operational scenarios. Due to emerging market mechanisms, inherent variability of RESs,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Yi Guo , Tyler H. Summers

We present a distributed and price-based control approach for frequency regulation in power grids with nonzero line conductances. Both grid and controller are modeled as a port-Hamiltonian system, where the grid model consists of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-20 Lukas Kölsch , Kirtan Bhatt , Stefan Krebs , Sören Hohmann

This paper evaluates the frequency performance of an AC system when primary frequency response is provided by inverter-based resources located at remote-areas. Due to potentially larger wave propagation constants over longer lines, fast…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-19 Georgios Misyris , Deepak Ramasubramanian , Parag Mitra , Vikas Singhvi

This work proposes an uncertainty-informed bid adjustment framework for integrating variable renewable energy sources (VRES) into electricity markets. This framework adopts a bilevel model to compute the optimal VRES day-ahead bids. It aims…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-08 Dongwei Zhao , Vladimir Dvorkin , Stefanos Delikaraoglou , Alberto J. Lamadrid L. , Audun Botterud

One of the main responsibilities of a Transmission System Operator (TSO) operating an electric grid is to maintain a designated frequency (e.g., 50 Hz in Europe). To achieve this, TSOs have created several products called…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Jöbke Janssen , Alessandro Zocca , Bert Zwart , Jalal Kazempour

Flexible energy resources can help balance the power grid by providing different types of ancillary services. However, the balancing potential of most types of resources is restricted by physical constraints such as the size of their energy…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Fabian L. Müller , Stefan Woerner , John Lygeros

The traditional secondary frequency control of power systems restores nominal frequency by steering Area Control Errors (ACEs) to zero. Existing methods are a form of integral control with the characteristic that large control gain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-17 Kaihua Xi , Johan L. A. Dubbeldam , Hai Xiang Lin , Jan H. van Schuppen

Autonomous microgrid planning is a Mixed-Integer Non Convex decision problem that requires to consider investments in both distribution and generation capacity and represents significant computation challenges. We proposed in a previous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-21 Benoît Martin , François Glineur , Emmanuel De Jaeger

The increasing adoption of renewable energy sources has significantly reduced the inertia in the modernized power grid, making the system more vulnerable. One way to stabilize the grid is to add extra inertia from unused turbines, called…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-08 Sangjoon Park , Cook Hyun Kim , B. Kahng

The AC frequency in electrical power systems is conventionally regulated by synchronous machines. The gradual replacement of these machines by asynchronous renewable-based generation, which provides little or no frequency control, increases…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-13 Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

This paper investigates how a disturbance in the power network affects the nodal frequencies of certain network buses. To begin with, we show that the inertia of a single generator is in inverse proportion to the initial rate of change of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-06 Huisheng Gao , Hui Yuan , Huanhai Xin , Linbin Huang , Chaoyou Feng

High penetration of renewable generation poses great challenge to power system operation due to its uncertain nature. In droop-controlled microgrids, the voltage volatility induced by renewable uncertainties is aggravated by the high droop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-02 Tianlun Chen , David J. Hill , Yue Song , Albert Y. S. Lam

We consider the use of pricing as a regulatory mechanism when an unknown number of autonomous agents compete for access to a shared resource (possibly limited in volume or capacity). In standard dynamic pricing control systems, an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Christopher King , Homayoun Hamedmoghadam , Christos G. Cassandras , Fabian R. Wirth , Robert N. Shorten

Inverter-dominated microgrids are quickly becoming a key building block of future power systems. They rely on centralized controllers that can provide reliability and resiliency in extreme events. Nonetheless, communication failures due to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-11 Siddharth Bhela , Abhishek Banerjee , Ulrich Muenz , Joachim Bamberger

Frequency control (FC) enables utility-scale grid-connected hybrid power plants (HPPs) to operate in compliance with grid code requirements while to capture value streams from provision of frequency control services (FCSs). In this paper, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-05 Qian Long , Kaushik Das , Poul Sørensen

To ensure frequency stability in future low-inertia power grids, fast ancillary services such as fast frequency reserves (FFR) have been proposed. In this work, the coordination of conventional (slow) frequency containment reserves (FCR)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-08 Joakim Björk , Karl Henrik Johansson , Florian Dörfler