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A longstanding problem in the study of supernovae (SNe) has been the relationship between the Type IIP and Type IIL subclasses. Whether they come from distinct progenitors or they are from similar stars with some property that smoothly…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-03-29 Viktoriya Morozova , Anthony L. Piro , Stefano Valenti

Type IIn/Ia-CSM supernovae (SNe IIn/Ia-CSM) are classified by their characteristic spectra, which exhibit narrow hydrogen emission lines originating from a strong interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM) together with broad lines of…

I show that a newly estimated fraction of normal type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that interact within about 100 days of explosion with circumstellar material (CSM), called SNe Ia-CSM, is compatible with a recently estimated fraction of normal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-18 Noam Soker

We present our results on the {\gamma}-ray emission from interaction-powered supernovae (SNe), a recently discovered SN type that is suggested to be surrounded by a circumstellar medium (CSM) with densities 10^7-10^12~ cm^-3. Such high…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-21 Dimitrios Kantzas , Maria Petropoulou , Apostolos Mastichiadis

We present extensive multi-frequency VLA and VLBA observations of the radio-bright supernova (SN) IIb SN 2004C that span $\sim(40-2793)$ days post-explosion. We interpret the temporal evolution of the radio spectral energy distribution…

We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2016iet, an unprecedented Type I supernova (SN) at $z=0.0676$ with no obvious analog in the existing literature. The peculiar light curve has two roughly equal brightness peaks ($\approx…

SN2017hcc was remarkable for being a nearby and strongly polarized superluminous TypeIIn supernova (SN). We obtained high-resolution echelle spectra that we combine with other spectra to investigate its line profile evolution. All epochs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-14 Nathan Smith , Jennifer E. Andrews

With the advent of new wide-field, high-cadence optical transient surveys, our understanding of the diversity of core-collapse supernovae has grown tremendously in the last decade. However, the pre-supernova evolution of massive stars, that…

Early excess emission observed in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) within $\sim1$ day of explosion provides a critical window into their progenitor systems. In the present study, we investigate formation of the circumstellar matter (CSM) in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-12 Yusuke Inoue , Keiichi Maeda , Takashi Nagao , Tatsuya Matsumoto

Type IIn SNe show spectral evidence for strong interaction between their blast wave and dense circumstellar material (CSM) around the progenitor star. SN2010jl was the brightest core-collapse SN in 2010, and it was a Type IIn explosion with…

Massive stars (>8 $M_{\odot}$) often undergo intense mass loss through winds or eruptive events in the final stages of their evolution, leading to the formation of a dense circumstellar medium (CSM). This material, expelled months to years…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-15 Silvia Gagliardini , Simone Dall'Osso , Dafne Guetta , Angela Zegarelli , Silvia Celli , Antonio Capone , Irene Di Palma

SN 2006gy was the most luminous SN ever observed at the time of its discovery and the first of the newly defined class of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). The extraordinary energetics of SN 2006gy and all SLSNe (>10^51 erg) require either…

SN2005ip was a TypeIIn event notable for its sustained strong interaction with circumstellar material (CSM), coronal emission lines, and IR excess, interpreted as shock interaction with the very dense and clumpy wind of an extreme red…

We present photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the peculiar core-collapse SN 2013gc, spanning seven years of observations. The light curve shows an early maximum followed by a fast decline and a phase of almost constant luminosity. At…

The optical transient PTF11kx exhibited both the characteristic spectral features of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and the signature of ejecta interacting with circumstellar material (CSM) containing hydrogen, indicating the presence of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-26 Melissa L. Graham , Chelsea E. Harris , Ori D. Fox , Peter E. Nugent , Daniel Kasen , Jeffrey M. Silverman , Alexei V. Filippenko

Type Ia-CSM supernovae (SNe) are a rare and peculiar subclass of thermonuclear SNe characterized by emission lines of hydrogen or helium, indicative of a high-density circumstellar medium (CSM). Their implied mass-loss rates of $\sim…

Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) are a rare (< 10%) subclass of core-collapse SNe that exhibit relatively narrow emission lines from a dense, pre-existing circumstellar medium (CSM). In 2009, a warm Spitzer survey observed 30 SNe IIn…