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We show the detector blinding attack by Lydersen et al [1] will be ineffective on most single photon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and certainly ineffective on any detectors that are operated correctly. The attack is only successful if a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-06 Z L Yuan , J F Dynes , A J Shields

We control using bright light an actively-quenched avalanche single-photon detector. Actively-quenched detectors are commonly used for quantum key distribution (QKD) in the visible and near-infrared range. This study shows that these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-08 Sebastien Sauge , Lars Lydersen , Andrey Anisimov , Johannes Skaar , Vadim Makarov

We experimentally demonstrate that a single-photon detector ID210 commercially available from ID Quantique is vulnerable to blinding and can be fully controlled by bright illumination. In quantum key distribution, this vulnerability can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Vladimir Chistiakov , Anqi Huang , Vladimir Egorov , Vadim Makarov

Single photon detectors based on passively-quenched avalanche photodiodes can be temporarily blinded by relatively bright light, of intensity less than a nanowatt. I describe a bright-light regime suitable for attacking a quantum key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-16 Vadim Makarov

We experimentally demonstrate optical control of negative-feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) detectors using bright light. We deterministically generate fake single-photon detections with a better timing precision than normal operation. This…

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme to render the detection apparatus of a Quantum Key Distribution system immune to the main classes of hacking attacks in which the eavesdropper explores the back-door opened by the…

In practical quantum key distribution systems, imperfect physical devices open security loopholes that challenge the core promise of this technology. Apart from various side channels, a vulnerability of single-photon detectors to blinding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Lijiong Shen , Christian Kurtsiefer

Silicon avalanche photodiodes are the most sensitive photodetectors in the visible to near infrared region. However, when they are used for single photon detection in a Geiger mode, they are known to emit light on the controlled breakdown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-24 Christian Kurtsiefer , Patrick Zarda , Sonja Mayer , Harald Weinfurter

The influence of bright light on a single-photon detector has been described in a number of recent publications. The impact on quantum key distribution (QKD) is important, and several hacking experiments have been tailored to fully control…

By employing real-time monitoring of single-photon avalanche photodiodes we demonstrate how two types of practical eavesdropping strategies, the after-gate and time-shift attacks, may be detected. Both attacks are identified with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-03 T. Ferreira da Silva , G. B. Xavier , G. P. Temporão , J. P. von der Weid

We study potential security vulnerabilities of a single-photon detector based on superconducting transition-edge sensor. In a simple experiment, we show that an adversary could fake a photon number result at a certain wavelength by sending…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-13 Poompong Chaiwongkhot , Jiaqiang Zhong , Anqi Huang , Hao Qin , Sheng-cai Shi , Vadim Makarov

Counterfactual quantum key distribution protocols allow two sides to establish a common secret key using an insecure channel and authenticated public communication. As opposed to many other quantum key distribution protocols, part of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-16 Carlos Navas Merlo , Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin

In real-life implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD), the physical systems with unwanted imperfections would be exploited by an eavesdropper. Based on imperfections in the detectors, detector control attacks have been successfully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Yong-Jun Qian , De-Yong He , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are the most sensitive instruments for light detection. In the near-infrared range, SPDs based on III-V compound semiconductor avalanche photodiodes have been extensively used during the past two decades for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jun Zhang , Mark A. Itzler , Hugo Zbinden , Jian-Wei Pan

Single photon detectors are fundamental tools of investigation in quantum optics and play a central role in measurement theory and quantum informatics. Photodetectors based on different technologies exist at optical frequencies and much…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-19 Sankar Raman Sathyamoorthy , Thomas M. Stace , Göran Johansson

Semiconductor avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are commonly used for single photon detection in quantum key distribution. Recently, many attacks using bright illumination have been proposed to manipulate gated InGaAs APDs. In order to devise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-18 Z. L. Yuan , J. F. Dynes , A. J. Shields

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) can easily be obscured if the eavesdropper can utilize technical imperfections of the actual implementation. Here we describe and experimentally demonstrate a very simple but highly effective…

Detector blinding attacks have been proposed in the last few years, and they could potentially threaten the security of QKD systems. Even though no complete QKD system has been hacked yet, it is nevertheless important to consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Gaëtan Gras , Davide Rusca , Hugo Zbinden , Félix Bussières

We propose a photon-arrival detector (PAD), which detects the arrival of a signal photon and simultaneously projects the signal input state to a single photon state, with an atom-cavity system. In this proposal, use of a V-type system as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kunihiro Kojima , Akihisa Tomita

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proved to be information-theoretically secure in theory. Unfortunately, the imperfect devices in practice compromise its security. Thus, to improve the security property of practical QKD systems, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-14 Zhihao Wu , Anqi Huang , Huan Chen , Shi-Hai Sun , Jiangfang Ding , Xiaogang Qiang , Xiang Fu , Ping Xu , Junjie Wu
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