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We present the experimental demonstration of the occurrence of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPDs) in a single resonator by introducing a linear time-periodic variation of one of its components, in contrast to EPDs in parity time…

We present a general theory of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in periodically time-variant systems that do not necessarily require the presence of loss or gain, and we show that even a single resonator with a time-periodic component…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-01-09 Hamidreza Kazemi , Mohamed Y. Nada , Tarek Mealy , Ahmed F. Abdelshafy , Filippo Capolino

We present a scheme for high-sensitive oscillators based on an exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) in a circuit made of two LC resonators coupled by a gyrator. The frequency of oscillation is very sensitive to perturbations of a circuit…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Alireza Nikzamir , Kasra Rouhi , Alexander Figotin , Filippo Capolino

We demonstrate that a circuit comprising two unstable LC resonators coupled via a gyrator supports an exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) with purely real eigenfrequency. Each of the two resonators includes either a capacitor or an…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-10-06 Kasra Rouhi , Alireza Nikzamir , Alexander Figotin , Filippo Capolino

We propose a scheme for obtaining highly-sensitive oscillators in a coupled-resonator system with an exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) and a small instability. The oscillator with the exceptional degeneracy is realized by using two…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Alireza Nikzamir , Filippo Capolino

We demonstrate how exceptional points of degeneracy (EPDs) are induced in a single transmission line (TL) directly by applying periodic space-time modulation to the per-unit-length distributed capacitance. In such space-time modulated…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-12-30 Kasra Rouhi , Hamidreza Kazemi , Alexander Figotin , Filippo Capolino

Exceptional point degeneracies (EPD) of linear non-Hermitian systems have been recently utilized for hypersensitive sensing. This proposal exploits the sublinear response that the degenerate frequencies experience once the system is…

Exceptional points (EP) in non-Hermitian systems have been widely investigated due to their enhanced sensitivity in comparison to standard systems. In this letter, we report the observation of higher-order pseudo-Hermitian degeneracies in…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Ke Yin , Xianglin Hao , Yuangen Huang , Jianlong Zou , Xikui Ma , Tianyu Dong

A coupled oscillator system displays enhanced sensitivity of its saturated steady-state (SS) oscillation frequency to small parameter perturbations near an exceptional point degeneracy (EPD), a property that can be used to realize EPD-based…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Benjamin Bradshaw , Amin Hakimi , Filippo Capolino

We demonstrate that a periodic waveguide comprising of uniform lossless segments together with discrete gain and radiating elements supports exceptional points of degeneracy (EPDs). We provide analytical expressions for all possible…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Ahmed F. Abdelshafy , Tarek Mealy , Ehsan Hafezi , Alireza Nikzamir , Filippo Capolino

We present a transmission line theory of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in coupled-mode guiding structures, i.e., a theory that illustrates the characteristics of coupled electromagnetic modes under a special dispersion degeneracy…

Optics · Physics 2017-09-15 Mohamed A. K. Othman , Filippo Capolino

Abstract An exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) is induced in a system made of an electron beam interacting with an electromagnetic (EM) guided mode. This enables a degenerate synchronous regime in backward wave oscillators (BWOs) where…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Tarek Mealy , Ahmed F. Abdelshafy , Filippo Capolino

The interaction between a linear electron beam and a guided electromagnetic wave is studied in the contest of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) supported by such an interactive system. The study focuses on the case of a linear beam…

Current progress in electro-optical modulation within silicon integrated photonics, driven by the unique capabilities of advanced functional materials, has led to significant improvements in device performance. However, inherent constraints…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-30 Shahab Ramezanpour , Amr Helmy

We present a novel paradigm for dispersion engineering in coupled transmission lines (CTLs) based on exceptional points of degeneracy (EPDs). We develop a theory for fourth-order EPDs consisting of four Floquet-Bloch eigenmodes coalescing…

An efficient mass sensor based on exceptional points (EPs), engineered under synthetic magnetism requirement, is proposed. The benchmark system consists of an electromechanical (optomechanical) system where an electric (optical) field is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-02-09 S. R. Mbokop Tchounda , P. Djorwé , S. G. Nana Engo , B. Djafari-Rouhani

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian photonics offer singular sensitivity enhancements but have thus far been realized almost exclusively in spatially engineered platforms with fixed geometries and limited tunability. Here we extend EP…

An oscillator array prefers to operate at an exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) occurring in a waveguide periodically loaded with discrete nonlinear gain and radiating elements. The system maintains a steady-state degenerate mode of…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-10 Alireza Nikzamir , Filippo Capolino

Sensors play a crucial role in advanced apparatuses and it is persistently pursued to improve their sensitivities. Recently, the singularity of a non-Hermitian system, known as the exceptional point (EP), has drawn much attention for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-04 Yao-Dong Hu , Yi-Pu Wang , Rui-Chang Shen , Zi-Qi Wang , Wei-Jiang Wu , J. Q. You

We show how an exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) is formed in a system composed of an electron beam interacting with an electromagnetic mode guided in a slow wave structure (SWS) with distributed power extraction from the interaction…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-29 Tarek Mealy , Ahmed F. Abdelshafy , Filippo Capolino
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