Abstract An exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD) is induced in a system made of an electron beam interacting with an electromagnetic (EM) guided mode. This enables a degenerate synchronous regime in backward wave oscillators (BWOs) where the electron beams provides distributed gain to the EM mode with distributed power extraction. Current particle-in-cell simulation results demonstrate that BWOs operating at an EPD have a starting-oscillation current that scales quadratically to a non-vanishing value for long interaction lengths and therefore have higher power conversion efficiency at arbitrarily higher level of power generation compared to standard BWOs.
@article{arxiv.2005.08912,
title = {Exceptional Point of Degeneracy in Linear-Beam Tubes for High Power Backward-Wave Oscillators},
author = {Tarek Mealy and Ahmed F. Abdelshafy and Filippo Capolino},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.08912},
year = {2021}
}