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We examine whether the Schwarzschild black hole can emerge as the continuous end state of gravitational collapse from a non-singular configuration. Employing a time dependent extension of the regular Schwarzschild metric, we track the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-24 Jorge Ovalle , Roberto Casadio , Alexander Kamenshchik

Restricted to a black hole horizon, the ``gauge'' algebra of surface deformations in general relativity contains a Virasoro subalgebra with a calculable central charge. The fields in any quantum theory of gravity must transform accordingly,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

The brick wall model is a semi-classical approach to understanding the microscopic origin of black hole entropy. We outline the formalism for the brick wall model in arbitrary number of dimensions and generalize it to include both charged…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-22 Axel Hrelja , Tajron Jurić , Filip Požar

The comparison of geometrical properties of black holes with classical thermodynamic variables reveals surprising parallels between the laws of black hole mechanics and the laws of thermodynamics. Since Hawking's discovery that black holes…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Carina E. A. Prunkl , Christopher G. Timpson

We consider a possibility that the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole has two different interpretations: The black hole entropy can be understood either as an outcome of a huge degeneracy in the mass eigenstates of the hole, or as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Makela , P. Repo

To derive black hole thermodynamics in any quantum theory of gravity, one must introduce constraints that ensure that a black hole is actually present. For a large class of black holes, the imposition of such ``horizon constraints'' allows…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 S. Carlip

We calculate the intrinsic entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole in an asymptotically antide Sitter space. The statistical calculation of the entropy is based on a model for particle structure that leads to confinement. The constituents of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-15 Moorad Alexanian

Using quantum tunneling approach, we are able to derive the entropy with logarithmic term of the static spherically symmetric black hole in semi-classical Einstein equations with conformal anomaly. The results indicate that the logarithmic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-12-19 Ran Li

Recently it was proposed to explain the dynamical origin of the entropy of a black hole by identifying its dynamical degrees of freedom with states of quantum fields propagating in the black-hole's interior. The present paper contains the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-18 A. O. Barvinsky , V. P. Frolov , A. I. Zelnikov

Ever since the pioneer works of Bekenstein and Hawking, black hole entropy has been known to have a quantum origin. Furthermore, it has long been argued by Bekenstein that entropy should be quantized in discrete (equidistant) steps given…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Alejandro Corichi , Jacobo Diaz-Polo , Enrique Fernandez-Borja

In gravitational thermodynamics, the entropy of a black hole with distinct surface gravities can be evaluated in a microcanonical ensemble. At the $WKB$ level, the entropy becomes the negative of the Euclidean action of the constrained…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Zhong Chao Wu

We argue that a unitary description of the formation and evaporation of a black hole implies that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is the "entropy of a vacuum": the logarithm of the number of possible independent ways in which quantum field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-11 Yasunori Nomura , Sean J. Weinberg

The coupling of a string to gravity allows for Schwarzschild black holes whose entropy to area relation is $S=(A/4)(1-4\mu)$, where $\mu$ is the string tension. This departure from the A/4 universality results from a string instanton…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Francois Englert , Laurent Houart , Paul Windey

We present the quantization of the electromagnetic field near the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole using Euclidean path integrals. Our result for the vacuum energy describes a black hole surrounded by a finite volume of photons…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-03 Victor H. Alencar

The explanation of black hole entropy as statistical entropy is one of the big successes of string theory. In this article we review recent progress in this subject, focussing on understanding quantum effects on black hole entropy.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-24 Davide Cassani , Sameer Murthy

To explain black hole thermodynamics in quantum gravity, one must introduce constraints to ensure that a black hole is actually present. I show that for a large class of black holes, such ``horizon constraints'' allow the use of conformal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

Electro-vacuum black holes are scale-invariant; their energy-momentum tensor is traceless. Quantum corrections of various sorts, however, can often produce a trace anomaly and a breakdown of scale-invariance. The (quantum-corrected) black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-04-24 Carlos A. R. Herdeiro , Eugen Radu

Regular black holes have become a popular alternative to the singular mathematical black holes predicted by general relativity as they circumvent mathematical pathologies associated with the singularity while preserving crucial black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-15 Ioannis Soranidis

The mechanism of generation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy $S^{BH}$ of a black hole in the Sakharov's induced gravity is proposed. It is suggested that the "physical" degrees of freedom, which explain the entropy $S^{BH}$, form only a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-09-09 V. P. Frolov , D. V. Fursaev

The role of torsion in quantum three-dimensional gravity is investigated by studying the partition function of the Euclidean theory in Riemann-Cartan spacetime. The entropy of the black hole with torsion is found to differ from the standard…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Blagojevic , B. Cvetkovic