English

On Schwarzschild black hole singularity formation

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2026-03-24 v1 High Energy Physics - Theory

Abstract

We examine whether the Schwarzschild black hole can emerge as the continuous end state of gravitational collapse from a non-singular configuration. Employing a time dependent extension of the regular Schwarzschild metric, we track the evolution of the geometry during collapse and find that the process cannot remain continuous. The metric function develops a discontinuity at the origin, marking a breakdown of spacetime smoothness, an effect identified as ``Minkowski breaking.'' Before the Schwarzschild point source can form at r=0r=0, curvature singularities appear and the Cauchy horizon disappears. These results strongly suggest that spacetime may not evolve smoothly toward the Schwarzschild geometry. Instead, the formation of a Schwarzschild black hole appears to entail a discrete change in the structure of spacetime, pointing to the need for a noncontinuous, possibly quantized, framework to describe the emergence or regularization of gravitational singularities.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.06451,
  title  = {On Schwarzschild black hole singularity formation},
  author = {Jorge Ovalle and Roberto Casadio and Alexander Kamenshchik},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.06451},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

7 pages, 3 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:07:15.494Z