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An optimal estimator of quantum states based on a modified Kalman Filter is presented in this work. Such estimator acts after state measurement, allowing to obtain an optimal estimation of quantum state resulting in the output of any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-20 Mario Mastriani

Conventional classical sensors are approaching their maximum sensitivity levels in many areas. Yet these levels still are far from the ultimate limits dictated by quantum mechanics. Quantum sensors promise a substantial step ahead by taking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-02 Aaron Z. Goldberg , Andrei B. Klimov , Gerd Leuchs , Luis L. Sanchez-Soto

Estimation of physical observables for unknown quantum states is an important problem that underlies a wide range of fields, including quantum information processing, quantum physics, and quantum chemistry. In the context of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Yuma Nakamura , Yoshichika Yano , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

We study quantum measurement with preselection and postselection, and derive the precise expressions of the measurement results without any restriction on the coupling strength between the system and the measuring device. For a qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-18 Xuanmin Zhu , Yuxiang Zhang , Shengshi Pang , Chang Qiao , Quanhui Liu , Shengjun Wu

We develop several algorithms for performing quantum phase estimation based on basic measurements and classical post-processing. We present a pedagogical review of quantum phase estimation and simulate the algorithm to numerically determine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-30 Krysta M. Svore , Matthew B. Hastings , Michael Freedman

Operating quantum sensors and quantum computers would make data in the form of quantum states available for purely quantum processing, opening new avenues for studying physical processes and certifying quantum technologies. In this…

Many quantum algorithms contain an important subroutine, the quantum amplitude estimation. As the name implies, this is essentially the parameter estimation problem and thus can be handled via the established statistical estimation theory.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-10 Tomoki Tanaka , Shumpei Uno , Tamiya Onodera , Naoki Yamamoto , Yohichi Suzuki

Leveraging quantum computers for optimization problems holds promise across various application domains. Nevertheless, utilizing respective quantum computing solvers requires describing the optimization problem according to the Quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Deborah Volpe , Nils Quetschlich , Mariagrazia Graziano , Giovanna Turvani , Robert Wille

Quantum phase estimation is a central primitive in quantum algorithms and sensing, where performance is governed by the sensitivity of measurement signals to the target parameter. While existing methods have developed increasingly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Zikang Jia , Suying Liu , Yulong Dong

Quantum state tomography is the standard tool in current experiments for verifying that a state prepared in the lab is close to an ideal target state, but up to now there were no rigorous methods for evaluating the precision of the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 Takanori Sugiyama , Peter S. Turner , Mio Murao

The measurement precision of modern quantum simulators is intrinsically constrained by the limited set of measurements that can be efficiently implemented on hardware. This fundamental limitation is particularly severe for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Giacomo Torlai , Guglielmo Mazzola , Giuseppe Carleo , Antonio Mezzacapo

Quantum sensing encompasses highly promising techniques with diverse applications including noise-reduced imaging, super-resolution microscopy as well as imaging and spectroscopy in challenging spectral ranges. These detection schemes use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 Felix Riexinger , Mirco Kutas , Björn Haase , Michael Bortz , Georg von Freymann

Control of quantum systems is a central element of high-precision experiments and the development of quantum technological applications. Control pulses that are typically temporally or spatially modulated are often designed based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Frederic Sauvage , Florian Mintert

Experimental characterizations of a quantum system involve the measurement of expectation values of observables for a preparable state |psi> of the quantum system. Such expectation values can be measured by repeatedly preparing |psi> and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Emanuel Knill , Gerardo Ortiz , Rolando D. Somma

Quantum state tomography is an indispensable but costly part of many quantum experiments. Typically, it requires measurements to be carried in a number of different settings on a fixed experimental setup. The collected data is often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Jun Li , Shilin Huang , Zhihuang Luo , Keren Li , Dawei Lu , Bei Zeng

Quantum detectors provide information about quantum systems by establishing correlations between certain properties of those systems and a set of macroscopically distinct states of the corresponding measurement devices. A natural question…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-26 Ognyan Oreshkov , John Calsamiglia , Ramon Munoz-Tapia , Emili Bagan

We consider the problem of designing an optimal quantum detector to minimize the probability of a detection error when distinguishing between a collection of quantum states, represented by a set of density operators. We show that the design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-18 Yonina C. Eldar , Alexandre Megretski , George C. Verghese

Quantum tomography is a critically important tool to evaluate quantum hardware, making it essential to develop optimized measurement strategies that are both accurate and efficient. We compare a variety of strategies using nearly pure test…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-18 H. Sosa-Martinez , N. K. Lysne , C. H. Baldwin , A. Kalev , I. H. Deutsch , P. S. Jessen

Precise estimation of physical parameters underpins both scientific discovery and technological development. A central goal of quantum metrology and sensing is to exploit quantum resources like entanglement to devise optimal strategies for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Zhao-Yi Zhou , Da-Jian Zhang

The interest in a system often resides in the interplay among different parameters governing its evolution. It is thus often required to access many of them at once for a complete description. Assessing how quantum enhancement in such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-22 Francesco Albarelli , Marco Barbieri , Marco G. Genoni , Ilaria Gianani